Exam question 4 · English words that came from French
Determine the meaning of "chauffeur" in contemporary French.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: determine, mean · To what, where: meaning, chauffeur
This is exam question 4 of lesson 36 «English words that came from French» of the French course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Determine | determine | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 meaning | det |
| 3 | meaning | meaning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Determine | obj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 chauffeur | case |
| 5 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 chauffeur | punct |
| 6 | chauffeur | chauffeur | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 meaning | nmod |
| 7 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 chauffeur | punct |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 French | case |
| 9 | contemporary | contemporary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 French | amod |
| 10 | French | French | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 chauffeur | nmod |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Determine | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | determine | imperative | you not said here | the meaning of chauffeur in contemporary French | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meaning=Topic | ||||
| 2 | mean | chauffeur in contemporary French | nom meaning «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Exclusively a driver of private cars for the wealthy
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Exclusively | exclusively | ADV | _ | 3 driver | advmod |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 driver | det |
| 3 | driver | driver | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 cars | case |
| 5 | private | private | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 cars | amod |
| 6 | cars | car | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 driver | nmod |
| 7 | for | for | ADP | _ | 9 wealthy | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 wealthy | det |
| 9 | wealthy | wealthy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 driver | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
Any driver of a vehicle
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 driver | det |
| 2 | driver | driver | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 vehicle | case |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 vehicle | det |
| 5 | vehicle | vehicle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 driver | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 3
A person who cooks in a restaurant
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 person | det |
| 2 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 4 cooks | nsubj |
| 4 | cooks | cook | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 person | acl:relcl |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 restaurant | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 restaurant | det |
| 7 | restaurant | restaurant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 cooks | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cook | present | a person | in a restaurant | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent in restaurant=Instrument |
Option 4
A person employed to heat a building
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 person | det |
| 2 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | employed | employ | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 person | acl |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 heat | mark |
| 5 | heat | heat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 employed | advcl |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 building | det |
| 7 | building | building | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 heat | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | employ | participle | a person not said here | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | heat | to-infinitive | a building | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent building=Patient |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/french/36-english-words-that-came-from-french/e4/