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Test 10 · ★ · English words that came from French

Harry from Kent says "GARR-idge" and his US cousin says "guh-RAHZH". Who's right?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Harry, US cousin · What happens: say, be · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 36 «English words that came from French» of the French course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Harry from Kent says "GARR-idge" and his US cousin says "guh-RAHZH".

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Harry	Harry	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 says	nsubj
2	from	from	ADP	_	3 Kent	case
3	Kent	Kent	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Harry	nmod
4	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 idge	punct
6	GARR	garr	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 idge	compound
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	8 idge	punct
8	idge	idge	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	ccomp
9	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 idge	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 says	cc
11	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 cousin	nmod:poss
12	US	US	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 cousin	compound
13	cousin	cousin	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 says	nsubj
14	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 says	conj
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	18 RAHZH	punct
16	guh	guh	INTJ	_	18 RAHZH	discourse
17	-	-	PUNCT	_	18 RAHZH	punct
18	RAHZH	RAHZH	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 says	ccomp
19	"	"	PUNCT	_	18 RAHZH	punct
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Harry from Kent						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	say speech: assert	present	Harry's US cousin						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Who's right?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 right	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 right	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						right property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Only the cousin, the American way

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	3 cousin	advmod
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 cousin	det
3	cousin	cousin	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 way	punct
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 way	det
6	American	American	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 way	amod
7	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cousin	appos

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Both are fine in English; French says "ga-RAZH"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	3 fine	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 fine	cop
3	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 English	case
5	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 fine	obl
6	;	;	PUNCT	_	8 says	punct
7	French	French	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 says	nsubj
8	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 fine	parataxis
9	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 ga	punct
10	ga	ga	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 says	obj
11	-	-	PUNCT	_	12 RAZH	punct
12	RAZH	RAZH	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 ga	appos
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 ga	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Both			English		fine property	tree rules
2	say speech: assert	present	French	ga					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent ga=Topic

Option 3

Only Harry, the British way

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 Harry	advmod
2	Harry	Harry	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 way	punct
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 way	det
5	British	British	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 way	amod
6	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 Harry	appos

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

Neither, it's "GAR-age" with a hard g

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Neither	neither	ADV	_	8 age	advmod
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Neither	punct
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 age	nsubj
4	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 age	cop
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 age	punct
6	GAR	gar	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 age	compound
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	6 GAR	punct
8	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 age	punct
10	with	with	ADP	_	13 g	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 g	det
12	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 g	amod
13	g	G	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 age	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a in a quote	present	it	GAR age				with a hard g; neither property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/french/36-english-words-that-came-from-french/t10/