Exam question 1 · East, South and South-East Asia: countries and capitals

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the population of the People's Republic of China relative to that of the Republic of India?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Republic · What happens: follow, characteris, relative · To what, where: population

This is exam question 1 of lesson 11 «East, South and South-East Asia: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 population	det
10	population	population	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	15 Republic	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 People	det
13	People	People	PROPN	Number=Plur	15 Republic	nmod:poss
14	's	's	PART	_	13 People	case
15	Republic	Republic	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 relative	nsubj
16	of	of	ADP	_	17 China	case
17	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 Republic	nmod
18	relative	relative	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 population	acl:relcl
19	to	to	ADP	_	20 that	case
20	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	18 relative	obl
21	of	of	ADP	_	23 Republic	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 Republic	det
23	Republic	Republic	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 that	nmod
24	of	of	ADP	_	25 India	case
25	India	India	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 Republic	nmod
26	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the population	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	relative	present	the People's Republic of China	the population not said here	to the population	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

China, with approximately 1.4 billion inhabitants, was overtaken by India in or about the year 2023

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 overtaken	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 inhabitants	punct
3	with	with	ADP	_	7 inhabitants	case
4	approximately	approximately	ADV	_	6 billion	advmod
5	1.4	1.4	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 billion	compound
6	billion	billion	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 inhabitants	nummod
7	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 China	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 China	punct
9	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 overtaken	aux:pass
10	overtaken	overtake	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
11	by	by	ADP	_	12 India	case
12	India	India	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 overtaken	obl
13	in	in	ADV	_	10 overtaken	advmod
14	or	or	CCONJ	_	15 about	cc
15	about	about	ADP	_	13 in	conj
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 year	det
17	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 overtaken	obl:unmarked
18	2023	2023	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	17 year	flat

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	overtake	past · passive	India	China and billion inhabitants			year		tree rules

Option 2

The two states have never been compared by population, there being no census in either

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 states	det
2	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 states	nummod
3	states	state	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 compared	nsubj:pass
4	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 compared	aux
5	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	7 compared	advmod
6	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	7 compared	aux:pass
7	compared	compare	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 population	case
9	population	population	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 compared	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 census	punct
11	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	14 census	expl
12	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	14 census	cop
13	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	14 census	det
14	census	census	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 compared	obl
15	in	in	ADP	_	16 either	case
16	either	either	CCONJ	_	14 census	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not compare	present · perfect · passive	population	the two states					vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
2	is a	gerund		no census		there			tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

India possesses a population approximately double that of China

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	India	India	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 possesses	nsubj
2	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 population	det
4	population	population	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 possesses	obj
5	approximately	approximately	ADV	_	2 possesses	advmod
6	double	double	ADP	_	9 China	case
7	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	9 China	nsubj
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 China	case
9	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 possesses	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	India	a population				double China; approximately property	vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot population=Theme

Option 4

China retains a population substantially exceeding that of India

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 retains	nsubj
2	retains	retain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 population	det
4	population	population	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 retains	obj
5	substantially	substantially	ADV	_	6 exceeding	advmod
6	exceeding	exceed	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 retains	advcl
7	that	that	SCONJ	_	9 India	mark
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 India	case
9	India	India	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 exceeding	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	retain	present	China	a population					tree rules
2	exceed	gerund	China not said here					of India; substantially property	vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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