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Test 5 · Africa: countries and capitals

Ella thinks Africans had no kingdoms before Europeans came. What would you tell her?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Ella, Africans, Europeans, you · What happens: think, have, come, tell · To what, where: kingdoms, Ella · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 5 of lesson 13 «Africa: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Ella thinks Africans had no kingdoms before Europeans came.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ella	Ella	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 thinks	nsubj
2	thinks	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	Africans	African	PROPN	Number=Plur	4 had	nsubj
4	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 thinks	ccomp
5	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	6 kingdoms	det
6	kingdoms	kingdom	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 had	obj
7	before	before	SCONJ	_	9 came	mark
8	Europeans	European	PROPN	Number=Plur	9 came	nsubj
9	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 had	advcl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 thinks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	think speech: other	present	Ella						vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	have	past	Africans	no kingdoms					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kingdom=Patient
3	come	past	Europeans						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What would you tell her?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 tell	obj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 tell	aux
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 tell	nsubj
4	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 tell	iobj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 tell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	would	you		Ella				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent she=Recipient what=Topic

The options

Option 1

She is right, Africa had only villages

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 had	punct
5	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 had	nsubj
6	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 right	parataxis
7	only	only	ADV	_	8 villages	advmod
8	villages	village	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 had	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	She					right property	tree rules
2	have	past	Africa	villages					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent village=Patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Africa had great states, such as the Mali Empire, one of the richest in the world in the 1300s

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 had	nsubj
2	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 states	amod
4	states	state	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 had	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 Empire	punct
6	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	10 Empire	case
7	as	as	ADP	_	6 such	fixed
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Empire	det
9	Mali	Mali	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 Empire	compound
10	Empire	Empire	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 states	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 one	punct
12	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 Empire	appos
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 richest	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 richest	det
15	richest	rich	ADJ	Degree=Sup	12 one	nmod
16	in	in	ADP	_	18 world	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 world	det
18	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 richest	obl
19	in	in	ADP	_	21 1300s	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 1300s	det
21	1300s	1300	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	2 had	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	Africa	great states		the 1300s		such the Mali Empire	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent state=Patient

Option 3

Africa's first kingdom was founded in 1960

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 kingdom	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Africa	case
3	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	4 kingdom	amod
4	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 founded	nsubj:pass
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 founded	aux:pass
6	founded	found	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 1960	case
8	1960	1960	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 founded	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	found	past · passive		Africa's first kingdom		1960			vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Only Egypt ever had a king, and all the other lands were ruled by chiefs from Cairo

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 Egypt	advmod
2	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 had	nsubj
3	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	4 had	advmod
4	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 king	det
6	king	king	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 had	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 ruled	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 ruled	cc
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	12 lands	det:predet
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 lands	det
11	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 lands	amod
12	lands	land	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 ruled	nsubj:pass
13	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 ruled	aux:pass
14	ruled	rule	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 had	conj
15	by	by	ADP	_	16 chiefs	case
16	chiefs	chief	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 ruled	obl:agent
17	from	from	ADP	_	18 Cairo	case
18	Cairo	Cairo	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 ruled	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	Egypt	a king			ever		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent king=Patient
2	rule	past · passive	chiefs	all other lands		Cairo			vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/13-africa-countries-and-capitals/t5/