Exam question 1 · Latin America and the Caribbean

Identify the principal reason for which the Portuguese language is spoken in the Federative Republic of Brazil.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, speak · To what, where: principal reason, Portuguese language, Federative Republic · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 1 of lesson 14 «Latin America and the Caribbean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 spoken	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 language	det
8	Portuguese	portuguese	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 language	amod
9	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 spoken	nsubj:pass
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 spoken	aux:pass
11	spoken	speak	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reason	acl:relcl
12	in	in	ADP	_	15 Republic	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 Republic	det
14	Federative	federative	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 Republic	amod
15	Republic	Republic	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 spoken	obl
16	of	of	ADP	_	17 Brazil	case
17	Brazil	Brazil	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 Republic	nmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	speak speech: other	present · passive		the Portuguese language		the Federative Republic of Brazil		for the principal reason	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Brazil was purchased from Spain by Portugal in 1900

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Brazil	Brazil	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 purchased	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 purchased	aux:pass
3	purchased	purchase	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 Spain	case
5	Spain	Spain	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 purchased	obl
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 Portugal	case
7	Portugal	Portugal	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 purchased	obl
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 1900	case
9	1900	1900	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 purchased	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	purchase	past · passive	Portugal	Brazil		Spain		in 1900	vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent subject=Theme from spain=Source

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Under the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494, eastern South America fell to Portugal, which colonised it

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Under	under	ADP	_	3 Treaty	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Treaty	det
3	Treaty	Treaty	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 fell	obl
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 Tordesillas	case
5	Tordesillas	Tordesillas	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 Treaty	nmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 1494	case
7	1494	1494	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 Tordesillas	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 America	punct
9	eastern	eastern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 America	amod
10	South	South	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 America	compound
11	America	America	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 Treaty	conj
12	fell	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
13	to	to	ADP	_	14 Portugal	case
14	Portugal	Portugal	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 fell	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 colonised	punct
16	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	17 colonised	nsubj
17	colonised	colonis	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 Portugal	acl:relcl
18	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 colonised	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall	past			Portugal	the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494 and eastern South America			vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme under treaty=Location
2	colonis	past	Portugal	it					tree rules

Option 3

Portuguese was adopted by decree in 1960 upon the founding of Brasília

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Portuguese	Portuguese	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 adopted	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 adopted	aux:pass
3	adopted	adopt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 decree	case
5	decree	decree	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 adopted	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 1960	case
7	1960	1960	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 adopted	obl
8	upon	upon	ADP	_	10 founding	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 founding	det
10	founding	founding	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 adopted	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 Brasília	case
12	Brasília	Brasília	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 founding	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	adopt	past · passive	decree	Portuguese		1960		upon the founding of Brasília	vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	found			Brasília					nom founding «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

The Indigenous peoples of Brazil spoke Portuguese prior to 1492

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 peoples	det
2	Indigenous	indigenous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 peoples	amod
3	peoples	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 spoke	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 Brazil	case
5	Brazil	Brazil	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 peoples	nmod
6	spoke	speak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	Portuguese	portuguese	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 spoke	xcomp
8	prior	prior	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	10 1492	case
9	to	to	ADP	_	8 prior	fixed
10	1492	1492	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 Portuguese	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	speak speech: other	past	the Indigenous peoples of Brazil					portuguese property	vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/14-latin-america-and-the-caribbean/e1/