Test 8 · ★★ · Latin America and the Caribbean

A cartoon shows Columbus landing on an empty island with nobody there. What is wrong?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: cartoon · What happens: show, be · To what, where: Columbus landing, empty island

This is test 8 · ★★ of lesson 14 «Latin America and the Caribbean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A cartoon shows Columbus landing on an empty island with nobody there.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 cartoon	det
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shows	nsubj
3	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	Columbus	Columbus	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 landing	compound
5	landing	landing	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shows	obj
6	on	on	ADP	_	9 island	case
7	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 island	det
8	empty	empty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 island	amod
9	island	island	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shows	obl
10	with	with	ADP	_	11 nobody	case
11	nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	9 island	nmod
12	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	11 nobody	advmod
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 shows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	a cartoon	Columbus landing		a empty island with nobody			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent landing=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is wrong?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 wrong	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	cop
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 wrong	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						wrong property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The islands were full of people, such as the Taíno, who already lived there

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 islands	det
2	islands	island	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 full	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 full	cop
4	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 people	case
6	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 full	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 Taíno	punct
8	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	11 Taíno	case
9	as	as	ADP	_	8 such	fixed
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 Taíno	det
11	Taíno	Taíno	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 people	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 lived	punct
13	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 lived	nsubj
14	already	already	ADV	_	15 lived	advmod
15	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 Taíno	acl:relcl
16	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	15 lived	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the islands					of people such the Taíno; full property	tree rules
2	live	past	the Taíno			there			vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

Columbus never sailed at all, and the islands were found by the Vikings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Columbus	Columbus	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 sailed	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 sailed	advmod
3	sailed	sail	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 all	case
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 sailed	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 found	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 found	cc
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 islands	det
9	islands	island	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 found	nsubj:pass
10	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 found	aux:pass
11	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 sailed	conj
12	by	by	ADP	_	14 Vikings	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 Vikings	det
14	Vikings	Viking	PROPN	Number=Plur	11 found	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not sail	past	Columbus			all			vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent
2	find	past · passive	the Vikings	the islands					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic

Option 3

Columbus landed in Australia

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Columbus	Columbus	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 landed	nsubj
2	landed	land	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 Australia	case
4	Australia	Australia	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 landed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	land	past	Columbus			Australia			vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in australia=Destination

Option 4

Nothing, the islands were empty

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nothing	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 islands	det
4	islands	island	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 empty	nsubj
5	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 empty	cop
6	empty	empty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Nothing	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the islands					empty property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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