Exam question 2 · Mountains and highlands

Identify the principal reason for the diminished temperature prevailing at the summits of high mountains.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, diminished temperature · What happens: identify, diminish, prevail · To what, where: principal reason, summits

This is exam question 2 of lesson 17 «Mountains and highlands» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	8 temperature	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 temperature	det
7	diminished	diminish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 temperature	amod
8	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reason	nmod
9	prevailing	prevail	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 temperature	acl
10	at	at	ADP	_	12 summits	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 summits	det
12	summits	summit	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 prevailing	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 mountains	case
14	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 mountains	amod
15	mountains	mountain	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 summits	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason		for the diminished temperature	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	diminish	participle					vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
3	prevail	gerund	the diminished temperature not said here		the summits of high mountains		vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at summit=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The summits are situated at a greater distance from the Sun, whose heat diminishes with altitude

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 summits	det
2	summits	summit	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 situated	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 situated	aux:pass
4	situated	situate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	8 distance	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 distance	det
7	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 distance	amod
8	distance	distance	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 situated	obl
9	from	from	ADP	_	11 Sun	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 Sun	det
11	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 distance	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 diminishes	punct
13	whose	whose	PRON	Poss=Yes PronType=Rel	14 heat	nmod:poss
14	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 diminishes	nsubj
15	diminishes	diminish	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 situated	conj
16	with	with	ADP	_	17 altitude	case
17	altitude	altitude	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 diminishes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	situate	present · passive		the summits				at a greater distance from the Sun	vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme at distance=Destination
2	diminish	present	heat					with altitude	vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient

Option 2

The summits receive no sunlight whatsoever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 summits	det
2	summits	summit	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 receive	nsubj
3	receive	receive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 sunlight	det
5	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 receive	obj
6	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	3 receive	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	receive	present	the summits	no sunlight				whatsoever property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sunlight=Theme

Option 3

Snow at the summit generates cold of itself

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 generates	nsubj
2	at	at	ADP	_	4 summit	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 summit	det
4	summit	summit	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Snow	nmod
5	generates	generate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 generates	xcomp
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 itself	case
8	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	6 cold	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	generate	present	Snow at the summit					cold property	vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.patient V PP.product»: agent=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The air cools by about six and a half degrees Celsius for every thousand metres of ascent

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 air	det
2	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cools	nsubj
3	cools	cool	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	10 degrees	case
5	about	about	ADV	_	6 six	advmod
6	six	six	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 degrees	nummod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 degrees	cc
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 half	det
9	half	half	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac	10 degrees	compound
10	degrees	degree	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 cools	obl
11	Celsius	Celsius	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 degrees	nmod:unmarked
12	for	for	ADP	_	15 metres	case
13	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	14 thousand	det
14	thousand	thousand	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	15 metres	nummod
15	metres	metre	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 cools	obl
16	of	of	ADP	_	17 ascent	case
17	ascent	ascent	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 metres	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cool	present	the air					by six half degrees Celsius; for thousand metres of ascent	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/e2/