Test 3 · ★ · Mountains and highlands

In Europa Universalis 5, mountains mostly hurt attacking armies. What else do real mountains do that the game hides?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: mountains, real mountains, game · What happens: hurt, attack, do, hide · To what, where: Europa, armies

This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 17 «Mountains and highlands» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In Europa Universalis 5, mountains mostly hurt attacking armies.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 Europa	case
2	Europa	Europa	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 hurt	obl
3	Universalis	Universalis	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Europa	flat
4	5	5	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 Europa	flat
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 Europa	punct
6	mountains	mountain	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 hurt	nsubj
7	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	8 hurt	advmod
8	hurt	hurt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	attacking	attack	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 hurt	xcomp
10	armies	army	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 attacking	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 hurt	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hurt	past	mountains			Europa		mostly property	tree rules
2	attack	gerund	mountains not said here	armies					vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent army=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What else do real mountains do that the game hides?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	6 do	obj
2	else	else	ADV	_	1 What	advmod
3	do	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	acl:relcl
4	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 mountains	amod
5	mountains	mountain	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 do	nsubj
6	do	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 hides	csubj
7	that	that	SCONJ	_	10 hides	mark
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 game	det
9	game	game	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 hides	nsubj
10	hides	hide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	10 hides	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	roles by
1	do	present		vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	do	present	real mountains	vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality
3	hide	present	the game	vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They make weather, catching rain on one side and leaving a dry rain shadow

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 make	nsubj
2	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	weather	weather	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 make	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 catching	punct
5	catching	catch	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 make	advcl
6	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 catching	obj
7	on	on	ADP	_	9 side	case
8	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 side	nummod
9	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 catching	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 leaving	cc
11	leaving	leave	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 catching	conj
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 shadow	det
13	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 shadow	amod
14	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 shadow	compound
15	shadow	shadow	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 leaving	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	make	present	They	weather		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset weather=Product
2	catch	gerund	They not said here	rain	one side	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rain=Theme
3	leave	gerund	They not said here	a dry rain shadow		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shadow=Theme

Option 2

Nothing, they only stop armies

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	5 stop	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nothing	punct
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 stop	nsubj
4	only	only	ADV	_	5 stop	advmod
5	stop	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	armies	army	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 stop	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	present	Nothing	armies					vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality army=Eventuality

Option 3

They stop rivers from forming anywhere near them, so valleys stay dry

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 stop	nsubj
2	stop	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 stop	obj
4	from	from	SCONJ	_	5 forming	mark
5	forming	form	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 stop	advcl
6	anywhere	anywhere	ADV	PronType=Ind	5 forming	advmod
7	near	near	ADP	_	8 them	case
8	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 forming	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 stay	punct
10	so	so	ADV	_	12 stay	advmod
11	valleys	valley	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 stay	nsubj
12	stay	stay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 stop	conj
13	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 stay	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	stop	present	They	rivers		vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality river=Eventuality
2	form	gerund	They not said here		near rivers = river; anywhere property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near they=Location
3	stay	present	valleys		dry property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

They make the ground hotter at the top, closer to the Sun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 make	nsubj
2	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 ground	det
4	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 make	obj
5	hotter	hot	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 make	xcomp
6	at	at	ADP	_	8 top	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 top	det
8	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hotter	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 closer	punct
10	closer	close	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 make	conj
11	to	to	ADP	_	13 Sun	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 Sun	det
13	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 closer	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	They	the ground				hot property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset ground=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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