Exam question 3 · Deserts

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the surface of the Sahara.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, surface

This is exam question 3 of lesson 18 «Deserts» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 surface	det
11	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 Sahara	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 Sahara	det
14	Sahara	Sahara	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 surface	nmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the surface of the Sahara		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus surface=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

About one quarter of the Sahara is covered by sand dunes, the remainder being chiefly rock and gravel

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	About	about	ADV	_	2 one	advmod
2	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 quarter	nummod
3	quarter	quarter	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 covered	nsubj:pass
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 Sahara	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Sahara	det
6	Sahara	Sahara	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 quarter	nmod
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 covered	aux:pass
8	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 dunes	case
10	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 dunes	compound
11	dunes	dune	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 rock	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 remainder	punct
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 remainder	det
14	remainder	remainder	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 rock	nsubj
15	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	17 rock	cop
16	chiefly	chiefly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 rock	amod
17	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 covered	parataxis
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 gravel	cc
19	gravel	gravel	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 rock	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cover	present · passive		one quarter of the Sahara					vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination
2	is a	gerund	the remainder	chiefly rock and gravel				by sand dunes	tree rules

Option 2

The Sahara consists principally of permanent lakes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Sahara	det
2	Sahara	Sahara	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 consists	nsubj
3	consists	consist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	principally	principally	ADV	_	3 consists	advmod
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 lakes	case
6	permanent	permanent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 lakes	amod
7	lakes	lake	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 consists	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consist	present	the Sahara					of permanent lakes; principally property	tree rules

Option 3

The Sahara consists principally of grassland

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Sahara	det
2	Sahara	Sahara	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 consists	nsubj
3	consists	consist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	principally	principally	ADV	_	3 consists	advmod
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 grassland	case
6	grassland	grassland	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 consists	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consist	present	the Sahara					of grassland; principally property	tree rules

Option 4

The Sahara is covered in its entirety by sand dunes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Sahara	det
2	Sahara	Sahara	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 covered	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 covered	aux:pass
4	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 entirety	case
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 entirety	nmod:poss
7	entirety	entirety	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 covered	obl
8	by	by	ADP	_	10 dunes	case
9	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 dunes	compound
10	dunes	dune	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 covered	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cover	present · passive	sand dunes	the Sahara				in Sahara's entirety	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent subject=Destination in entirety=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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