Exam question 1 · Languages and peoples on the map

Identify the principal reason for which Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian and Romanian exhibit marked mutual resemblance.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, Romanian exhibit · What happens: identify, mark · To what, where: principal reason, mutual resemblance

This is exam question 1 of lesson 25 «Languages and peoples on the map» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 Portuguese	obl
7	Spanish	Spanish	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 Portuguese	nsubj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 Portuguese	punct
9	Portuguese	portuguese	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	acl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 French	punct
11	French	French	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 Portuguese	conj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 Italian	punct
13	Italian	Italian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 Portuguese	conj
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 exhibit	cc
15	Romanian	romanian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 exhibit	amod
16	exhibit	exhibit	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 Portuguese	conj
17	marked	mark	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	16 exhibit	acl
18	mutual	mutual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 resemblance	amod
19	resemblance	resemblance	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 marked	obj
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	mark	participle	Romanian exhibit not said here	mutual resemblance					vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent resemblance=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Each is written in the Cyrillic script

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	3 written	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 written	aux:pass
3	written	write	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	7 script	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 script	det
6	Cyrillic	cyrillic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 script	amod
7	script	script	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 written	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	write	present · passive		Each		the Cyrillic script			vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in script=Destination

Option 2

Each was deliberately constructed from the others by scholars

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	4 constructed	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 constructed	aux:pass
3	deliberately	deliberately	ADV	_	4 constructed	advmod
4	constructed	construct	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 others	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 others	det
7	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 constructed	obl
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 scholars	case
9	scholars	scholar	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 constructed	obl:agent

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	construct	past · passive	scholars	Each		the others		deliberately property	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent subject=Result from other=Material

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Each is descended from Latin, the language of the Roman Empire

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	3 descended	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 descended	aux:pass
3	descended	descend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 Latin	case
5	Latin	Latin	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 descended	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 language	punct
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 language	det
8	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 Latin	appos
9	of	of	ADP	_	12 Empire	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 Empire	det
11	Roman	Roman	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 Empire	compound
12	Empire	Empire	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 language	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	descend	present · passive		Each		Latin			vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 4

Each is employed in a single sovereign state

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	3 employed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 employed	aux:pass
3	employed	employ	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	8 state	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 state	det
6	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 state	amod
7	sovereign	sovereign	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 state	compound
8	state	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 employed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	employ	present · passive		Each		a single sovereign state			vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/25-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map/e1/