Test 1 · Languages and peoples on the map

Why does Romanian look a bit like Italian although they are far apart?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Romanian, they · What happens: look, be · To what, where: bit

This is test 1 of lesson 25 «Languages and peoples on the map» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 look	advmod
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 look	aux
3	Romanian	Romanian	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 look	nsubj
4	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 bit	det
6	bit	bit	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 look	obj
7	like	like	ADP	_	8 Italian	case
8	Italian	Italian	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 bit	nmod
9	although	although	SCONJ	_	13 apart	mark
10	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 apart	nsubj
11	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 apart	cop
12	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	13 apart	advmod
13	apart	apart	ADV	_	4 look	advcl
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 look	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	look	present · do-support	Romanian	a bit				like Italian	vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bit=Attribute
2	is	present	they					apart, far property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Italy once ruled all of Romania until 1900

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Italy	Italy	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 ruled	nsubj
2	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	3 ruled	advmod
3	ruled	rule	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 ruled	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 Romania	case
6	Romania	Romania	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 all	nmod
7	until	until	ADP	_	8 1900	case
8	1900	1900	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 ruled	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rule	past	Italy	all			until 1900	once property	vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent all=Theme

Option 2

They are not alike at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 alike	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 alike	cop
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 alike	advmod
4	alike	alike	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 all	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 alike	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is	present	They			all		alike property	tree rules

Option 3

Romanians copied Italian from books

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Romanians	Romanian	PROPN	Number=Plur	2 copied	nsubj
2	copied	copy	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	Italian	Italian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 copied	xcomp
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 books	case
5	books	book	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 copied	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	copy	past	Romanians			books		italian property	vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Both grew out of Latin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 grew	nsubj
2	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	out	out	ADP	_	5 Latin	case
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 Latin	case
5	Latin	Latin	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 grew	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow out	past	Both	Latin					vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location latin=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/25-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map/t1/