Exam question 3 · The spice trade and the Indian Ocean

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the conduct of the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, conduct · To what, where: response, conduct, Indian Ocean, Portuguese

This is exam question 3 of lesson 29 «The spice trade and the Indian Ocean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 conduct	det
11	conduct	conduct	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 Portuguese	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 Portuguese	det
14	Portuguese	Portuguese	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 conduct	nmod
15	in	in	ADP	_	18 Ocean	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 Ocean	det
17	Indian	Indian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 Ocean	amod
18	Ocean	Ocean	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obl
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle					vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the conduct of the Portuguese	the Indian Ocean		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus conduct=Experiencer
4	conduct			the Portuguese			nom conduct «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They employed warships and fortresses to compel others to purchase passes and pay duties

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 employed	nsubj
2	employed	employ	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	warships	warship	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 employed	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 fortresses	cc
5	fortresses	fortress	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 warships	conj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 compel	mark
7	compel	compel	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 employed	advcl
8	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 compel	obj
9	to	to	PART	_	10 purchase	mark
10	purchase	purchase	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 compel	xcomp
11	passes	pass	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 purchase	obj
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 pay	cc
13	pay	pay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 purchase	conj
14	duties	duty	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 pay	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	employ	past	They	warships and fortresses	vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent warship=Theme
2	compel	to-infinitive	They not said here	others	vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent other=Patient clause=Result
3	purchase	to-infinitive	They not said here	passes	vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset pass=Theme
4	pay	infinitive	They not said here	duties	vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent duty=Asset

Option 2

They were invited by every port to assume its government

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 invited	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 invited	aux:pass
3	invited	invite	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 port	case
5	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	6 port	det
6	port	port	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 invited	obl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 assume	mark
8	assume	assume	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 invited	advcl
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 government	nmod:poss
10	government	government	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 assume	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	invite	past · passive	every port	They					vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient
2	assume	to-infinitive	every port not said here	port's government					vn adopt-93.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent government=Theme

Option 3

They participated in the existing trade solely by peaceful competition

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 participated	nsubj
2	participated	participate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	6 trade	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 trade	det
5	existing	exist	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 trade	amod
6	trade	trade	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 participated	obl
7	solely	solely	ADV	_	2 participated	advmod
8	by	by	ADP	_	10 competition	case
9	peaceful	peaceful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 competition	amod
10	competition	competition	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 participated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	participate	past	They					by peaceful competition; in the existing trade; solely property	vn cooperate-73.1-2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in trade=Theme
2	exist	gerund							vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

They declined to establish any fortified positions in Asia

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 declined	nsubj
2	declined	decline	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 establish	mark
4	establish	establish	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 declined	xcomp
5	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	7 positions	det
6	fortified	fortify	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 positions	amod
7	positions	position	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 establish	obj
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 Asia	case
9	Asia	Asia	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 establish	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	decline	past	They			vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	not establish	to-infinitive	They not said here	any fortified positions	Asia	vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent position=Patient
3	fortify	participle				vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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