Exam question 1 · Projections: why Greenland looks huge

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the principal deficiency of the Mercator projection?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: principal deficiency

This is exam question 1 of lesson 3 «Projections: why Greenland looks huge» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 deficiency	det
10	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 deficiency	amod
11	deficiency	deficiency	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 projection	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 projection	det
14	Mercator	Mercator	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 projection	compound
15	projection	projection	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 deficiency	nmod
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the principal deficiency of the Mercator projection				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It exaggerates areas in the vicinity of the equator

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 exaggerates	nsubj
2	exaggerates	exaggerate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	areas	area	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 exaggerates	obj
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 vicinity	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 vicinity	det
6	vicinity	vicinity	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 exaggerates	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 equator	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 equator	det
9	equator	equator	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 vicinity	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exaggerate	present	It	areas		the vicinity of the equator			tree rules

Option 2

It cannot represent the Atlantic Ocean

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 represent	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 represent	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 represent	advmod
4	represent	represent	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Ocean	det
6	Atlantic	Atlantic	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 Ocean	compound
7	Ocean	Ocean	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 represent	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not represent	can	It	the Atlantic Ocean					vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot ocean=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It progressively exaggerates areas with increasing latitude

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 exaggerates	nsubj
2	progressively	progressively	ADV	_	3 exaggerates	advmod
3	exaggerates	exaggerate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	areas	area	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 exaggerates	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 latitude	case
6	increasing	increasing	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 latitude	compound
7	latitude	latitude	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 exaggerates	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exaggerate	present	It	areas				with increasing latitude; progressively property	tree rules

Option 4

It misrepresents compass bearings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 misrepresents	nsubj
2	misrepresents	misrepresent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	compass	compass	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 bearings	compound
4	bearings	bearing	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 misrepresents	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	misrepresent	present	It	compass bearings					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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