Test 3 · Venice, the Ottomans and the Mediterranean
A film shows only cheerful free sailors rowing a Venetian galley. What does it leave out?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: film, cheerful free sailors · What happens: show, row, leave out · To what, where: cheerful free sailors, Venetian galley
This is test 3 of lesson 32 «Venice, the Ottomans and the Mediterranean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A film shows only cheerful free sailors rowing a Venetian galley.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 film | det |
| 2 | film | film | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 shows | nsubj |
| 3 | shows | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | only | only | ADV | _ | 7 sailors | advmod |
| 5 | cheerful | cheerful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 sailors | amod |
| 6 | free | free | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 sailors | amod |
| 7 | sailors | sailor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 shows | obj |
| 8 | rowing | row | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 sailors | acl |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 galley | det |
| 10 | Venetian | venetian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 galley | amod |
| 11 | galley | galley | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 rowing | obj |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 shows | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | present | a film | cheerful free sailors | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent sailor=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | row | gerund | cheerful free sailors not said here | a Venetian galley | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent galley=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What does it leave out?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 4 leave | obj |
| 2 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 leave | aux |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 leave | nsubj |
| 4 | leave | leave | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | out | out | ADP | _ | 4 leave | compound:prt |
| 6 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 leave | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leave out | present · do-support | film | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Theme |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Galleys had no oars at all and moved only by sail
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Galleys | galley | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 had | nsubj |
| 2 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 4 oars | det |
| 4 | oars | oar | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 had | obj |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 6 all | case |
| 6 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 2 had | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 moved | cc |
| 8 | moved | move | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 had | conj |
| 9 | only | only | ADV | _ | 8 moved | advmod |
| 10 | by | by | ADP | _ | 11 sail | case |
| 11 | sail | sail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 moved | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | Galleys | no oars | all | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oar=Patient | |||
| 2 | move | past | Galleys not said here | by sail | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme by sail=Trajectory |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
Many rowers were prisoners, captives or enslaved
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 rowers | amod |
| 2 | rowers | rower | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 prisoners | nsubj |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 prisoners | cop |
| 4 | prisoners | prisoner | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 captives | punct |
| 6 | captives | captive | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 prisoners | conj |
| 7 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 8 enslaved | cc |
| 8 | enslaved | enslave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 prisoners | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | Many rowers | prisoners and captives | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | enslave | participle | Many rowers not said here | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
Option 3
Only children rowed galleys
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Only | only | ADV | _ | 2 children | advmod |
| 2 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 rowed | nsubj |
| 3 | rowed | row | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | galleys | galley | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 rowed | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | row | past | children | galleys | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent galley=Location |
Option 4
Galleys were rowed by horses walking in a wheel
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Galleys | galley | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 rowed | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 rowed | aux:pass |
| 3 | rowed | row | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 5 horses | case |
| 5 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 rowed | obl |
| 6 | walking | walk | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 horses | acl |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 wheel | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 wheel | det |
| 9 | wheel | wheel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 walking | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | row | past · passive | horses | Galleys | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent subject=Location | ||||
| 2 | walk | gerund | horses not said here | a wheel | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wheel=Trajectory |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/32-venice-the-ottomans-and-the-mediterranean/t3/