Test 3 · Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires
A cartoon shows Cortés and a few hundred Spaniards beating the Aztecs alone. What does it leave out?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: cartoon, few hundred Spaniards · What happens: show, beat, leave out · To what, where: Cortés, Aztecs
This is test 3 of lesson 33 «Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A cartoon shows Cortés and a few hundred Spaniards beating the Aztecs alone.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 cartoon | det |
| 2 | cartoon | cartoon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 shows | nsubj |
| 3 | shows | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | Cortés | Cortés | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 shows | obj |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 Spaniards | cc |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 Spaniards | det |
| 7 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 Spaniards | amod |
| 8 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 9 Spaniards | nummod |
| 9 | Spaniards | spaniard | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 Cortés | conj |
| 10 | beating | beat | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 9 Spaniards | acl |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 Aztecs | det |
| 12 | Aztecs | Aztec | PROPN | Number=Plur | 10 beating | obj |
| 13 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 10 beating | advmod |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 shows | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | present | a cartoon | Cortés and a few hundred Spaniards | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent cortés=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | beat | gerund | a few hundred Spaniards not said here | the Aztecs | alone property | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location aztec=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What does it leave out?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 4 leave | obj |
| 2 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 leave | aux |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 leave | nsubj |
| 4 | leave | leave | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | out | out | ADP | _ | 4 leave | compound:prt |
| 6 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 leave | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leave out | present · do-support | cartoon | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Theme |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
The Aztecs surrendered at once without any fight at all
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Aztecs | det |
| 2 | Aztecs | Aztec | PROPN | Number=Plur | 3 surrendered | nsubj |
| 3 | surrendered | surrender | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | at | at | ADP | _ | 5 once | case |
| 5 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 3 surrendered | obl |
| 6 | without | without | ADP | _ | 8 fight | case |
| 7 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 8 fight | det |
| 8 | fight | fight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 surrendered | obl |
| 9 | at | at | ADP | _ | 10 all | case |
| 10 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 8 fight | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | surrender | past | the Aztecs | without any fight at all | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Option 2
The Aztecs had already left the city and gone north
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Aztecs | det |
| 2 | Aztecs | Aztec | PROPN | Number=Plur | 5 left | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 left | aux |
| 4 | already | already | ADV | _ | 5 left | advmod |
| 5 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 city | det |
| 7 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 left | obj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 gone | cc |
| 9 | gone | gone | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 left | conj |
| 10 | north | north | ADV | _ | 5 left | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leave | past · perfect · passive | the Aztecs | north property | vn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme city=Attribute |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
Tens of thousands of Indigenous allies and diseases
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tens | ten | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 3 thousands | case |
| 3 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Tens | nmod |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 allies | case |
| 5 | Indigenous | indigenous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 allies | amod |
| 6 | allies | ally | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 thousands | nmod |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 diseases | cc |
| 8 | diseases | disease | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 allies | conj |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 4
Cortés had a huge army of cannons and horses only
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cortés | Cortés | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 had | nsubj |
| 2 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 army | det |
| 4 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 army | amod |
| 5 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 had | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 cannons | case |
| 7 | cannons | cannon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 army | nmod |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 horses | cc |
| 9 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 cannons | conj |
| 10 | only | only | ADV | _ | 9 horses | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | Cortés | a huge army of cannons and horses | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent army=Patient |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires/t3/