Test 5 · Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires

If caravels had only square sails, what would have been harder?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: caravels, square sails · What happens: have, be · To what, where: square sails

This is test 5 of lesson 33 «Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	If	if	SCONJ	_	3 had	mark
2	caravels	caravel	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 had	nsubj
3	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 sails	advmod
5	square	square	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 sails	amod
6	sails	sail	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 had	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 harder	punct
8	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	12 harder	nsubj
9	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 harder	aux
10	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	12 harder	aux
11	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	12 harder	cop
12	harder	hard	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 sails	conj
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 had	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	caravels	square sails					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sail=Patient
2	is	would · perfect	square sails					hard property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Floating on the sea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Floating	float	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	on	on	ADP	_	4 sea	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 sea	det
4	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Floating	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	float	gerund				the sea			vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on sea=Trajectory

Option 2

Carrying any cargo at all, even food and water for the crew

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Carrying	carry	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	3 cargo	det
3	cargo	cargo	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Carrying	obj
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 all	case
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	1 Carrying	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 food	punct
7	even	even	ADV	_	8 food	advmod
8	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Carrying	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 water	cc
10	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 food	conj
11	for	for	ADP	_	13 crew	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 crew	det
13	crew	crew	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Carrying	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	gerund		any cargo		all		for the crew; food and water obl	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cargo=Theme

Option 3

Fishing near Portugal

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fishing	fish	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	near	near	ADP	_	3 Portugal	case
3	Portugal	Portugal	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Fishing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fish	gerund				Portugal			vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent near portugal=Location

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Sailing back against the wind along the African coast

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sailing	sail	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	back	back	ADV	_	1 Sailing	advmod
3	against	against	ADP	_	5 wind	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 wind	det
5	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Sailing	obl
6	along	along	ADP	_	9 coast	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 coast	det
8	African	African	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 coast	amod
9	coast	coast	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Sailing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sail back	gerund				the African coast		against the wind	vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent along coast=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires/t5/