Exam question 2 · The Mughals, the Ming and the empires of Asia

Ascertain the circumstances under which the Mughal Empire was established.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: ascertain, establish · To what, where: circumstances, Mughal Empire

This is exam question 2 of lesson 35 «The Mughals, the Ming and the empires of Asia» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 circumstances	det
3	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Ascertain	obj
4	under	under	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 established	obl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Empire	det
7	Mughal	Mughal	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 Empire	compound
8	Empire	Empire	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 established	nsubj
9	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 established	aux:pass
10	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 circumstances	acl:relcl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the circumstances					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent circumstance=Topic
2	establish	past · passive		the Mughal Empire		the circumstances			vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The Safavids founded it in 1501

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Safavids	det
2	Safavids	safavid	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 founded	nsubj
3	founded	found	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 founded	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 1501	case
6	1501	1501	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 founded	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	found	past	the Safavids	it		1501			vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient

Option 2

Shah Jahan purchased it from the Kingdom of Portugal in 1632

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Shah	Shah	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 purchased	nsubj
2	Jahan	Jahan	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Shah	flat
3	purchased	purchase	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 purchased	obj
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 Kingdom	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Kingdom	det
7	Kingdom	Kingdom	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 purchased	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 Portugal	case
9	Portugal	Portugal	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 Kingdom	nmod
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 1632	case
11	1632	1632	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 purchased	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	purchase	past	Shah	it		the Kingdom of Portugal		in 1632	vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent it=Theme from kingdom=Source

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Babur defeated the Sultan of Delhi at Panipat in 1526

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Babur	Babur	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 defeated	nsubj
2	defeated	defeat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Sultan	det
4	Sultan	Sultan	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 defeated	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 Delhi	case
6	Delhi	Delhi	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 Sultan	nmod
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 Panipat	case
8	Panipat	Panipat	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 defeated	obl
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 1526	case
10	1526	1526	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 defeated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	defeat	past	Babur	the Sultan of Delhi		Panipat		in 1526	tree rules

Option 4

Akbar inherited it from the Ming in 1556

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Akbar	Akbar	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 inherited	nsubj
2	inherited	inherit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 inherited	obj
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 Ming	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Ming	det
6	Ming	Ming	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 inherited	obl
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 1556	case
8	1556	1556	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 inherited	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	inherit	past	Akbar	it		the Ming		in 1556	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent it=Theme from ming=Source

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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