Test 11 · ★★ · The people who were already there: what colonisation did

If the Congo Free State had been run for its people, not for rubber profits, what would most likely have been different?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: people, rubber profits · What happens: run, be · To what, where: Congo

This is test 11 · ★★ of lesson 36 «The people who were already there: what colonisation did» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	If	if	SCONJ	_	8 run	mark
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Congo	det
3	Congo	Congo	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 run	nsubj
4	Free	free	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 State	amod
5	State	State	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 Congo	conj
6	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 run	aux
7	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	8 run	aux:pass
8	run	run	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	for	for	ADP	_	11 people	case
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 people	nmod:poss
11	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 run	obl:agent
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 profits	punct
13	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 profits	advmod
14	for	for	ADP	_	16 profits	case
15	rubber	rubber	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 profits	compound
16	profits	profit	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 run	obl:agent
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 different	punct
18	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	24 different	nsubj
19	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	24 different	aux
20	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	21 likely	advmod
21	likely	likely	ADV	_	24 different	advmod
22	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 different	aux
23	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	24 different	cop
24	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 profits	parataxis
25	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 run	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	run	past · perfect · passive	its people	the Congo and Free State					vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Agent
2	is	would · perfect	rubber profits					different, likely property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The Congo River would have dried up

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 River	det
2	Congo	Congo	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 River	compound
3	River	River	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 dried	nsubj:pass
4	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 dried	aux
5	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 dried	aux
6	dried	dry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	up	up	ADP	_	6 dried	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dry up	would · perfect · passive		the Congo River					vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result

Option 2

Africa would have had no borders

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 had	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 had	aux
3	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 had	aux
4	had	have	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	6 borders	det
6	borders	border	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 had	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	would · perfect	Africa	no borders					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent border=Patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Millions of deaths from forced labour might not have happened

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Millions	million	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 happened	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 deaths	case
3	deaths	death	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Millions	nmod
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 labour	case
5	forced	force	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 labour	amod
6	labour	labour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 deaths	nmod
7	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 happened	aux
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 happened	advmod
9	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	10 happened	aux
10	happened	happen	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	force	participle							vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	not happen	might · perfect	Millions of deaths from forced labour						vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Leopold II would have ruled Spain and Portugal as well as Belgium

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leopold	Leopold	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 ruled	nsubj:pass
2	II	ii	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	1 Leopold	flat
3	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 ruled	aux
4	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 ruled	aux
5	ruled	rule	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	Spain	Spain	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 ruled	obj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 Portugal	cc
8	Portugal	Portugal	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 Spain	conj
9	as	as	ADV	ExtPos=ADV	5 ruled	advmod
10	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	9 as	fixed
11	as	as	ADP	_	12 Belgium	case
12	Belgium	Belgium	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 ruled	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rule	would · perfect · passive		Leopold				as Belgium	vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Theme spain=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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