Test 8 · ★★ · The people who were already there: what colonisation did

Why did diseases travel mostly from Europe to the Americas and not back?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: diseases · What happens: travel · To what, where: Americas, Europe

This is test 8 · ★★ of lesson 36 «The people who were already there: what colonisation did» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 travel	advmod
2	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 travel	aux
3	diseases	disease	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 travel	nsubj
4	travel	travel	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	4 travel	advmod
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 Europe	case
7	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 travel	obl
8	to	to	ADP	_	10 Americas	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Americas	det
10	Americas	AMERICAS	PROPN	Number=Plur	4 travel	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 back	cc
12	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 back	advmod
13	back	back	ADV	_	4 travel	conj
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 travel	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	travel	past · do-support	diseases		the Americas	Europe		mostly property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to americas=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Germs cannot live in the Americas

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Germs	germ	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 live	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 live	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 live	advmod
4	live	live	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 Americas	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Americas	det
7	Americas	AMERICAS	PROPN	Number=Plur	4 live	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not live	can	Germs			the Americas			vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in americas=Location

Option 2

American peoples were cleaner and never got ill

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	American	American	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 peoples	amod
2	peoples	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 cleaner	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 cleaner	cop
4	cleaner	clean	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 got	cc
6	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	7 got	advmod
7	got	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 cleaner	conj
8	ill	ill	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 got	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	American peoples					clean property	tree rules
2	not get	past	American peoples not said here					ill property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Ships could only carry germs one way, from east to west with the trade winds

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ships	ship	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 carry	nsubj
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 carry	aux
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 carry	advmod
4	carry	carry	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	germs	germ	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 carry	obj
6	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 way	nummod
7	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 carry	obl:unmarked
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 east	punct
9	from	from	ADP	_	10 east	case
10	east	east	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 carry	conj
11	to	to	ADP	_	12 west	case
12	west	west	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 carry	obl
13	with	with	ADP	_	16 winds	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 winds	det
15	trade	trade	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 winds	compound
16	winds	wind	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 carry	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	could	Ships	germs		west		with the trade winds; one way obl:unmarked	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent germ=Theme to west=Destination

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Many came from living near farm animals and crowded towns, more common in Europe

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 came	nsubj
2	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	SCONJ	_	4 living	mark
4	living	live	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 came	advcl
5	near	near	ADP	_	7 animals	case
6	farm	farm	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 animals	compound
7	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 living	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 towns	cc
9	crowded	crowded	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 towns	amod
10	towns	town	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 animals	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 common	punct
12	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	13 common	advmod
13	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 came	conj
14	in	in	ADP	_	15 Europe	case
15	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 common	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	past	Many						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	live	gerund	Many not said here					near farm animals and crowded towns	vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near animal=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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