Exam question 2 · How empires fell: the map of the 20th century

State the designation conferred upon the year 1960 in respect of the African continent, and the reason therefor.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: state, confer, respect · To what, where: designation, respect, African continent

This is exam question 2 of lesson 37 «How empires fell: the map of the 20th century» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	State	state	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 designation	det
3	designation	designation	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 State	obj
4	conferred	confer	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 designation	acl
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 year	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 year	det
7	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 conferred	obl
8	1960	1960	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 year	flat
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 respect	case
10	respect	respect	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 conferred	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 continent	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 continent	det
13	African	African	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 continent	amod
14	continent	continent	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 respect	nmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 therefor	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 therefor	cc
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 therefor	det
18	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 therefor	compound
19	therefor	therefor	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 designation	conj
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 State	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	state speech: other	imperative	you not said here	the designation and the reason therefor			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent designation=Topic
2	confer	participle		the designation and the reason therefor not said here	respect of the African continent	year	vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	respect			the African continent			nom respect «cognition transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The Year of Empire, Britain having annexed Africa

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Year	det
2	Year	Year	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 annexed	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 Empire	case
4	Empire	Empire	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Year	nmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 Britain	punct
6	Britain	Britain	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Year	conj
7	having	have	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 annexed	aux
8	annexed	annex	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
9	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 annexed	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	annex	gerund · perfect	the Year of Empire and Britain	Africa					vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent africa=Theme

Option 2

The Year of Union, the African Union having been constituted

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Year	det
2	Year	Year	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 constituted	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 Union	case
4	Union	Union	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Year	nmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 Union	punct
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Union	det
7	African	African	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 Union	compound
8	Union	Union	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Year	conj
9	having	have	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 constituted	aux
10	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	11 constituted	aux:pass
11	constituted	constitute	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	gerund · perfect · passive		the Year of Union and the African Union					vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Pivot

Option 3

The Year of Partition, Africa having been divided at Berlin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Year	det
2	Year	Year	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 divided	obl
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 Partition	case
4	Partition	Partition	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Year	nmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 Africa	punct
6	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 Partition	conj
7	having	have	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 divided	aux
8	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	9 divided	aux:pass
9	divided	divide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
10	at	at	ADP	_	11 Berlin	case
11	Berlin	Berlin	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 divided	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	divide	gerund · perfect · passive		the Year of Partition and Africa		Berlin			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The Year of Africa, seventeen states having attained independence therein

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Year	det
2	Year	Year	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 Africa	case
4	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Year	nmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 states	punct
6	seventeen	seventeen	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 states	nummod
7	states	state	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 Year	conj
8	having	have	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 states	acl
9	attained	attain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 independence	amod
10	independence	independence	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 having	obj
11	therein	therein	ADV	_	8 having	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	gerund	seventeen states not said here	attained independence				therein property	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent independence=Patient
2	attain	participle							vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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