Test 4 · ★ · How empires fell: the map of the 20th century

Why did UN membership jump from 51 in 1945 to more than 140 by 1975?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · What happens: do · To what, where: UN membership jump, 51

This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 37 «How empires fell: the map of the 20th century» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	2 did	advmod
2	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	UN	UN	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 jump	compound
4	membership	membership	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 jump	compound
5	jump	jump	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 did	obj
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 51	case
7	51	51	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 did	obl
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 1945	case
9	1945	1945	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 51	nmod
10	to	to	ADP	_	13 140	case
11	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV	13 140	advmod
12	than	than	ADP	_	11 more	fixed
13	140	140	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 did	obl
14	by	by	ADP	_	15 1975	case
15	1975	1975	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	13 140	nmod
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 did	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	past		UN membership jump		51 in 1945		to 140 by 1975	vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jump=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Countries split into pieces for fun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Countries	country	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 split	nsubj
2	split	split	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	into	into	ADP	_	4 pieces	case
4	pieces	piece	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 split	obl
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 fun	case
6	fun	fun	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 split	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	split	past	Countries					into pieces result; for fun	vn break-45.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Patient into piece=Result

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Many colonies became independent countries and joined

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 colonies	amod
2	colonies	colony	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 became	nsubj
3	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	independent	independent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 countries	amod
5	countries	country	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 became	xcomp
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 joined	cc
7	joined	join	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 became	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	past	Many colonies	independent countries					vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
2	join	past	Many colonies not said here						vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient

Option 3

Every country joined twice

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	2 country	det
2	country	country	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	joined	join	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 country	acl
4	twice	twice	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	3 joined	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	join	participle		every country not said here				twice property	vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient

Option 4

The UN started letting big cities like London and Tokyo join

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 UN	det
2	UN	UN	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 started	nsubj
3	started	start	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	letting	let	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 started	xcomp
5	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 cities	amod
6	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 join	nsubj
7	like	like	ADP	_	8 London	case
8	London	London	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 cities	nmod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 Tokyo	cc
10	Tokyo	Tokyo	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 London	conj
11	join	join	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 letting	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	roles by
1	start	past	the UN	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
2	let	gerund	the UN not said here	tree rules
3	join	present	big cities like London and Tokyo	vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/37-how-empires-fell-the-map-of-the-20th-century/t4/