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Exam question 3 · Plate tectonics

It is given that two continental plates converge. Ascertain the consequence that is consistent with the established facts.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: two continental plates, you, consequence · What happens: give, converge, ascertain, be, establish · To what, where: It, consequence

This is exam question 3 of lesson 42 «Plate tectonics» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that two continental plates converge.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 converge	mark
5	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 plates	nummod
6	continental	continental	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 plates	amod
7	plates	plate	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 converge	nsubj
8	converge	converge	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	advcl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	converge	present	two continental plates						vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Ascertain the consequence that is consistent with the established facts.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 consequence	det
3	consequence	consequence	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 consequence	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the consequence					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent consequence=Topic
2	is	present	the consequence					with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle							vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The lighter plate descends into the mantle forming a trench

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 plate	det
2	lighter	light	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 plate	amod
3	plate	plate	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 descends	nsubj
4	descends	descend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	into	into	ADP	_	7 mantle	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 mantle	det
7	mantle	mantle	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 descends	obl
8	forming	form	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 descends	advcl
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 trench	det
10	trench	trench	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 forming	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	descend	present	the lighter plate			the mantle			vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into mantle=Location
2	form	gerund	the lighter plate not said here	a trench					vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location trench=Theme

Option 2

A mid-ocean ridge is formed between the two plates

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 ridge	det
2	mid-ocean	mid-ocean	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 ridge	amod
3	ridge	ridge	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 formed	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 formed	aux:pass
5	formed	form	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	between	between	ADP	_	9 plates	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 plates	det
8	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 plates	nummod
9	plates	plate	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 formed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	form	present · passive		a mid-ocean ridge				between the two plates	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 3

Both plates melt entirely and are replaced by oceanic crust

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 plates	det
2	plates	plate	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 melt	nsubj
3	melt	melt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	3 melt	advmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 replaced	cc
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 replaced	aux:pass
7	replaced	replace	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 melt	conj
8	by	by	ADP	_	10 crust	case
9	oceanic	oceanic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 crust	amod
10	crust	crust	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 replaced	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	melt	present	both plates					entirely property	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	replace	present · passive	oceanic crust						vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Neither plate is subducted and the crust is uplifted into a mountain range

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Neither	neither	DET	PronType=Neg	2 plate	det
2	plate	plate	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 subducted	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 subducted	aux:pass
4	subducted	subduct	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 uplifted	cc
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 crust	det
7	crust	crust	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 uplifted	nsubj:pass
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 uplifted	aux:pass
9	uplifted	uplift	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 subducted	conj
10	into	into	ADP	_	13 range	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 range	det
12	mountain	mountain	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 range	compound
13	range	range	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 uplifted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	subduct	present · passive		neither plate					tree rules
2	uplift	present · passive		the crust		a mountain range			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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