Test 8 · Volcanoes: how and where
A volcano hasn't erupted for 2,000 years. Tom says: "It's extinct, totally safe." Right?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: volcano, Tom · What happens: not erupt, say, be · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 8 of lesson 46 «Volcanoes: how and where» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A volcano hasn't erupted for 2,000 years.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 volcano | det |
| 2 | volcano | volcano | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 erupted | nsubj |
| 3 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 erupted | aux |
| 4 | n't | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 erupted | advmod |
| 5 | erupted | erupt | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 6 | for | for | ADP | _ | 8 years | case |
| 7 | 2,000 | 2000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 years | nummod |
| 8 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 erupted | obl |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 erupted | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not erupt | present · perfect | a volcano | year | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Tom says: "It's extinct, totally safe."
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tom | Tom | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 says | nsubj |
| 2 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 7 extinct | punct |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 extinct | punct |
| 5 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 extinct | nsubj |
| 6 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 extinct | cop |
| 7 | extinct | extinct | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 says | ccomp |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 safe | punct |
| 9 | totally | totally | ADV | _ | 10 safe | advmod |
| 10 | safe | safe | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 extinct | conj |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 extinct | punct |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 extinct | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | Tom | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is in a quote | present | volcano | extinct property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | be in a quote | volcano not said here | totally property | tree rules |
Sentence 3: Right?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Right | right | INTJ | _ | root | root |
| 2 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 Right | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
The options
Option 1
Yes, volcanoes only ever erupt once
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 6 erupt | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | volcanoes | volcano | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 erupt | nsubj |
| 4 | only | only | ADV | _ | 6 erupt | advmod |
| 5 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 6 erupt | advmod |
| 6 | erupt | erupt | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 6 erupt | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | erupt | infinitive | volcanoes | ever | once property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 2
Yes, 2,000 years means it is extinct
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 5 means | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | 2,000 | 2000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 years | nummod |
| 4 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 means | nsubj |
| 5 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 extinct | nsubj |
| 7 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 extinct | cop |
| 8 | extinct | extinct | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 means | ccomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | 2,000 years | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is | present | it | extinct property | tree rules |
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice
No, it will certainly erupt next year
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 6 erupt | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 erupt | nsubj |
| 4 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 erupt | aux |
| 5 | certainly | certainly | ADV | _ | 6 erupt | advmod |
| 6 | erupt | erupt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 7 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 year | amod |
| 8 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 erupt | obl:unmarked |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | erupt | future | it | year | certainly property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
No, it counts as active and could erupt again
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 4 counts | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 counts | punct |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 counts | nsubj |
| 4 | counts | count | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | as | as | ADP | _ | 6 active | case |
| 6 | active | active | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 counts | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 erupt | cc |
| 8 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 9 erupt | aux |
| 9 | erupt | erupt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 counts | conj |
| 10 | again | again | ADV | _ | 9 erupt | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | count | present | it | as active | vn masquerade-29.6 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as active=Attribute | ||||
| 2 | erupt | could | again | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/46-volcanoes-how-and-where/t8/