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Test 2 · Weathering and erosion

A milk bottle full of water was left outside in a frosty night and cracked. Which rock process does this copy?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: rock process · What happens: leave, crack, copy · To what, where: milk bottle

This is test 2 of lesson 52 «Weathering and erosion» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A milk bottle full of water was left outside in a frosty night and cracked.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 bottle	det
2	milk	milk	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bottle	compound
3	bottle	bottle	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 left	nsubj:pass
4	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 bottle	amod
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 water	case
6	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 full	obl
7	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 left	aux:pass
8	left	leave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	outside	outside	ADV	_	8 left	advmod
10	in	in	ADP	_	13 night	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 night	det
12	frosty	frosty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 night	amod
13	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 left	obl
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 cracked	cc
15	cracked	crack	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 left	conj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 left	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	leave	past · passive		a milk bottle			night	outside property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	crack	past							vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Which rock process does this copy?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	DET	PronType=Int	2 rock	det
2	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 process	compound
3	process	process	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 copy	nsubj
4	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 copy	aux
5	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	6 copy	nsubj
6	copy	copy	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 copy	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	copy	present · do-support	rock process						vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Frost weathering, as freezing water expands

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Frost	frost	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 weathering	compound
2	weathering	weathering	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 expands	punct
4	as	as	SCONJ	_	7 expands	mark
5	freezing	freeze	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 water	amod
6	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 expands	nsubj
7	expands	expand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 weathering	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	freeze	gerund							vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	expand	present	freezing water	Frost weathering not said here					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent weathering=Patient

Option 2

Erosion by wind blasting sand against rock

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Erosion	erosion	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	by	by	ADP	_	3 wind	case
3	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Erosion	nmod
4	blasting	blast	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Erosion	acl
5	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 blasting	obj
6	against	against	ADP	_	7 rock	case
7	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 blasting	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	blast	gerund	Erosion by wind not said here	sand				against rock	vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent sand=Instrument against rock=Patient
2	erode		wind						nom erosion «process transitive»: by=agent

Option 3

Rain slowly dissolving a block of limestone

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dissolving	nsubj
2	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	3 dissolving	advmod
3	dissolving	dissolve	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 block	det
5	block	block	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dissolving	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 limestone	case
7	limestone	limestone	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 block	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dissolve	gerund	Rain	a block of limestone				slowly property	vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent block=Patient

Option 4

Deposition at a river mouth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Deposition	deposition	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	at	at	ADP	_	5 mouth	case
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 mouth	det
4	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 mouth	compound
5	mouth	mouth	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Deposition	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/52-weathering-and-erosion/t2/