Test 11 · ★★★ · Deep time and the story of life

Why did whales and elephants appear only after the dinosaurs?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: whales · What happens: appear

This is test 11 · ★★★ of lesson 58 «Deep time and the story of life» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 appear	advmod
2	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 whales	aux
3	whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 appear	nsubj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 elephants	cc
5	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 whales	conj
6	appear	appear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	only	only	ADV	_	10 dinosaurs	advmod
8	after	after	ADP	_	10 dinosaurs	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 dinosaurs	det
10	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 appear	obl
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 appear	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	appear	present	whales and elephants				after the dinosaurs		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Whales hatched from dinosaurs' eggs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	hatched	hatch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Whales	acl
3	from	from	ADP	_	6 eggs	case
4	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 eggs	nmod:poss
5	'	's	PART	_	4 dinosaurs	case
6	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 hatched	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hatch	participle		Whales not said here				from dinosaurs's eggs	vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from egg=Patient

Option 2

Elephants lived in space before that

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 lived	nsubj
2	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 space	case
4	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lived	obl
5	before	before	ADP	_	6 that	case
6	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 lived	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	past	Elephants			space	before that		vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in space=Location

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Mammals spread into empty roles once the dinosaurs were gone

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mammals	mammal	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 spread	nsubj
2	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	into	into	ADP	_	5 roles	case
4	empty	empty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 roles	amod
5	roles	role	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 spread	obl
6	once	once	SCONJ	_	10 gone	mark
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 dinosaurs	det
8	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 gone	nsubj
9	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 gone	cop
10	gone	gone	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 spread	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spread	past	Mammals			empty roles			vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into role=Destination
2	is	past	the dinosaurs					gone property	tree rules

Option 4

Mammals did not exist at all before then, not even small ones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mammals	mammal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 exist	nsubj
2	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 exist	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 exist	advmod
4	exist	exist	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 all	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 exist	obl
7	before	before	ADV	_	4 exist	advmod
8	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	4 exist	advmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 ones	punct
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 ones	advmod
11	even	even	ADV	_	13 ones	advmod
12	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 ones	amod
13	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 exist	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not exist	past · do-support	Mammals			all	then	before property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at all=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/58-deep-time-and-the-story-of-life/t11/