Exam question 2 · Islands, seas and lakes

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the salinity of the Baltic Sea?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: salinity

This is exam question 2 of lesson 6 «Islands, seas and lakes» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 salinity	det
10	salinity	salinity	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 Sea	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 Sea	det
13	Baltic	Baltic	PROPN	_	14 Sea	compound
14	Sea	Sea	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 salinity	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the salinity of the Baltic Sea				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is entirely fresh

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 fresh	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 fresh	cop
3	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	4 fresh	advmod
4	fresh	fresh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					entirely, fresh property	tree rules

Option 2

It exceeds that of the Dead Sea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 exceeds	nsubj
2	exceeds	exceed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 exceeds	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 Sea	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Sea	det
6	Dead	Dead	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 Sea	compound
7	Sea	Sea	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 that	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exceed	present	It	that					vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot that=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It is brackish owing to abundant river inflow and restricted outflow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 brackish	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 brackish	cop
3	brackish	brackish	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	owing	owe	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 brackish	advcl
5	to	to	ADP	_	8 inflow	case
6	abundant	abundant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 inflow	amod
7	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 inflow	compound
8	inflow	inflow	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 owing	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 outflow	cc
10	restricted	restrict	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 outflow	amod
11	outflow	outflow	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 inflow	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	It	brackish property	tree rules
2	owe	gerund		to abundant river inflow and restricted outflow goal	vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to inflow=Goal
3	restrict	participle			vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer

Option 4

It is identical to that of the open ocean on account of the Danish straits

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 identical	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 identical	cop
3	identical	identical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 that	case
5	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 identical	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 ocean	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 ocean	det
8	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 ocean	amod
9	ocean	ocean	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 that	nmod
10	on	on	ADP	_	11 account	case
11	account	account	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 identical	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 straits	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 straits	det
14	Danish	danish	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 straits	amod
15	straits	strait	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 account	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It			account of the Danish straits		to that; identical property	tree rules
2	account			the Danish straits					nom account «communication transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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