Test 5 · ★ · Islands, seas and lakes

Why is the Caspian salty even though fresh rivers flow into it?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: Caspian salty, fresh rivers · What happens: be, flow · To what, where: Caspian salty, salty

This is test 5 · ★ of lesson 6 «Islands, seas and lakes» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Rel	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Why	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 salty	det
4	Caspian	Caspian	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 salty	compound
5	salty	salty	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Why	nsubj
6	even	even	ADV	_	10 flow	advmod
7	though	though	SCONJ	_	10 flow	mark
8	fresh	fresh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 rivers	amod
9	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 flow	nsubj
10	flow	flow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 salty	acl:relcl
11	into	into	ADP	_	12 it	case
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 flow	obl
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the Caspian salty					why property	tree rules
2	flow	present	fresh rivers	the Caspian salty not said here		salty			vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location salty=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The Volga is a salty river

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Volga	det
2	Volga	Volga	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 river	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 river	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 river	det
5	salty	salty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 river	amod
6	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the Volga	a salty river					tree rules

Option 2

The ocean flows into it secretly under the ground

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 ocean	det
2	ocean	ocean	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 flows	nsubj
3	flows	flow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	5 it	case
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 flows	obl
6	secretly	secretly	ADV	_	3 flows	advmod
7	under	under	ADP	_	9 ground	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 ground	det
9	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 flows	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	flow	present	the ocean			it		under the ground; secretly property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under ground=Location

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Water leaves only by evaporation, leaving the salt behind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 leaves	nsubj
2	leaves	leave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	5 evaporation	advmod
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 evaporation	case
5	evaporation	evaporation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 leaves	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 leaving	punct
7	leaving	leave	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 leaves	advcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 salt	det
9	salt	salt	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 leaving	obj
10	behind	behind	ADV	_	7 leaving	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	leave	present	Water	evaporation					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent evaporation=Theme
2	leave	gerund	Water not said here	the salt				behind property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent salt=Theme

Option 4

Salt mines on the shore keep falling into the water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Salt	salt	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 mines	compound
2	mines	mine	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 keep	nsubj
3	on	on	ADP	_	5 shore	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 shore	det
5	shore	shore	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 mines	nmod
6	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	falling	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 keep	xcomp
8	into	into	ADP	_	10 water	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 water	det
10	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 falling	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present	Salt mines on the shore						tree rules
2	fall	gerund	Salt mines on the shore not said here					into the water result	vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into water=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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