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Test 4 · ★★ · The map of the Just So Stories: from the North Atlantic to…

A friend says the Sahara has always been a desert. What do rock paintings of swimmers and cattle show?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: friend, Sahara, rock paintings · What happens: say, have, be, show · To what, where: desert · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 4 · ★★ of lesson 61 «The map of the Just So Stories: from the North Atlantic to the Limpopo, the Amazon and Surrey» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A friend says the Sahara has always been a desert.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 friend	det
2	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Sahara	det
5	Sahara	Sahara	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 has	nsubj
6	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
7	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	10 desert	advmod
8	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	10 desert	cop
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 desert	det
10	desert	desert	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 has	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a friend						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	have	present	the Sahara						vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	is a	participle		a desert				always property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What do rock paintings of swimmers and cattle show?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	9 show	obj
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 paintings	aux
3	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 paintings	compound
4	paintings	painting	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 show	nsubj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 swimmers	case
6	swimmers	swimmer	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 paintings	nmod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 cattle	cc
8	cattle	cattle	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 paintings	conj
9	show	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	9 show	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	rock paintings of swimmers and cattle						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient

The options

Option 1

People swam in the sand in the old days

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	People	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 swam	nsubj
2	swam	swim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 sand	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 sand	det
5	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 swam	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	9 days	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 days	det
8	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 days	amod
9	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 swam	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swim	past	People			the sand	day		vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sand=Trajectory

Option 2

It was always an icy desert, just like Antarctica is now

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 desert	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 desert	cop
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	6 desert	advmod
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 desert	det
5	icy	icy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 desert	amod
6	desert	desert	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 Antarctica	punct
8	just	just	ADV	_	10 Antarctica	advmod
9	like	like	ADP	_	10 Antarctica	case
10	Antarctica	Antarctica	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 desert	parataxis
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 now	cop
12	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	6 desert	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	It	a icy desert				always property	tree rules
2	is	present						now property	tree rules

Option 3

People painted things they saw only in their dreams

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	People	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 painted	nsubj
2	painted	paint	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 painted	obj
4	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 saw	nsubj
5	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 things	acl:relcl
6	only	only	ADV	_	9 dreams	advmod
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 dreams	case
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 dreams	nmod:poss
9	dreams	dream	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 painted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	paint	past	People	things		People's dreams			vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent thing=Theme in dream=Destination
2	see	past	People	things not said here					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus
3	dream		People						nom dream «cognition transitive»: poss=agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It was green with lakes about 5,000 to 11,000 years ago

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 green	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 green	cop
3	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	5 lakes	case
5	lakes	lake	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 green	obl
6	about	about	ADV	_	7 5,000	advmod
7	5,000	5000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	10 years	nummod
8	to	to	ADP	_	9 11,000	case
9	11,000	11,000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 5,000	nmod
10	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 lakes	nmod
11	ago	ago	ADV	_	10 years	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	It					with lakes 5,000 years; green property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/61-the-map-of-the-just-so-stories-from-the-north-atlantic-to-the-limpopo-and-surrey/t4/