Test 3 · ★★ · The United States

What made diseases so deadly for Native Americans after Europeans arrived?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: Europeans · What happens: make, arrive · To what, where: diseases

This is test 3 · ★★ of lesson 9 «The United States» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	2 made	nsubj
2	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	diseases	disease	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 made	obj
4	so	so	ADV	_	5 deadly	advmod
5	deadly	deadly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 made	xcomp
6	for	for	ADP	_	8 Americans	case
7	Native	native	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 Americans	amod
8	Americans	American	PROPN	Number=Plur	5 deadly	obl
9	after	after	SCONJ	_	11 arrived	mark
10	Europeans	European	PROPN	Number=Plur	11 arrived	nsubj
11	arrived	arrive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 made	advcl
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 made	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past		diseases				deadly property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material disease=Product
2	arrive	past	Europeans						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Their food made the germs stronger and spread them faster from town to town

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 food	nmod:poss
2	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	nsubj
3	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 germs	det
5	germs	germ	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 made	obj
6	stronger	strong	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 made	xcomp
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 spread	cc
8	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 made	conj
9	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 spread	obj
10	faster	fast	ADV	Degree=Cmp	8 spread	advmod
11	from	from	ADP	_	12 town	case
12	town	town	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 spread	obl
13	to	to	ADP	_	14 town	case
14	town	town	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 town	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past	Their food	the germs				strong property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material germ=Product
2	spread	past	Their food not said here	germs = germ		town to town		fast property	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location they=Theme

Option 2

Native doctors refused to help

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Native	native	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 doctors	amod
2	doctors	doctor	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 refused	nsubj
3	refused	refuse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 help	mark
5	help	help	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 refused	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	refuse	past	Native doctors						vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	not help	to-infinitive	Native doctors not said here						vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent

Option 3

They lived in cold places

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 lived	nsubj
2	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 places	case
4	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 places	amod
5	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 lived	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	past	They			cold places			vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in place=Location

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They had never met these germs, so their bodies had no defences

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 met	nsubj
2	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 met	aux
3	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	4 met	advmod
4	met	meet	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	these	this	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	6 germs	det
6	germs	germ	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 met	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 had	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	11 had	advmod
9	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 bodies	nmod:poss
10	bodies	body	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 had	nsubj
11	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 met	conj
12	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	13 defences	det
13	defences	defence	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 had	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not meet	past · perfect	They	this germs					vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Co-Agent
2	have	past	germs's bodies	no defences					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent defence=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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