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Test 7 · The first people: hunters, gatherers and cave painters

Ötzi's shoes were stuffed with grass. What does that tell us?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: that · What happens: stuff, tell · To what, where: shoes, us · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 7 of lesson 1 «The first people: hunters, gatherers and cave painters» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Ötzi's shoes were stuffed with grass.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ötzi	Ötzi	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 shoes	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Ötzi	case
3	shoes	shoe	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 stuffed	nsubj:pass
4	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 stuffed	aux:pass
5	stuffed	stuff	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	with	with	ADP	_	7 grass	case
7	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 stuffed	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 stuffed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stuff	past · passive		Ötzi's shoes				with grass	vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: subject=Destination with grass=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does that tell us?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 tell	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 tell	aux
3	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 tell	nsubj
4	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 tell	iobj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 tell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	present · do-support	that		us				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient what=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Ötzi had no feet

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ötzi	Ötzi	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 had	nsubj
2	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 feet	det
4	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 had	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	Ötzi	no feet					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foot=Patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

People were clever about staying warm

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	People	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 clever	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 clever	cop
3	clever	clever	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	about	about	SCONJ	_	5 staying	mark
5	staying	stay	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 clever	advcl
6	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 staying	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	People					clever property	tree rules
2	stay	gerund	People not said here					warm property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

Shoes were not yet invented in his time

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Shoes	shoe	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 invented	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 invented	aux:pass
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 invented	advmod
4	yet	yet	ADV	_	5 invented	advmod
5	invented	invent	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 time	case
7	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 time	nmod:poss
8	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 invented	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not invent	past · passive		Shoes			yet; time		vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result

Option 4

Grass was used as money in his day

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 used	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 used	aux:pass
3	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	as	as	ADP	_	5 money	case
5	money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 used	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 day	case
7	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 day	nmod:poss
8	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 used	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	past · passive		Grass			day	as money	vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Duration as money=Attribute

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/1-the-first-people/t7/