Exam question 3 · Ancient Greece: city-states, Athens and Sparta

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the contrast between Athens and Sparta?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: contrast

This is exam question 3 of lesson 11 «Ancient Greece: city-states, Athens and Sparta» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 contrast	det
10	contrast	contrast	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	between	between	ADP	_	12 Athens	case
12	Athens	Athens	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 contrast	nmod
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 Sparta	cc
14	Sparta	Sparta	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 Athens	conj
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the contrast				of the following statements; between Athens and Sparta; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Both cities esteemed solely their navies and despised armies

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 cities	det
2	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	esteemed	esteem	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 cities	acl
4	solely	solely	ADV	_	6 navies	advmod
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 navies	nmod:poss
6	navies	navy	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 esteemed	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 armies	cc
8	despised	despise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 armies	amod
9	armies	army	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 cities	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	esteem	participle	both cities and despised armies not said here	cities's navies					vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer
2	despise	participle							vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer

Option 2

Athens forbade all commerce

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Athens	Athens	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 forbade	nsubj
2	forbade	forbid	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 commerce	det
4	commerce	commerce	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 forbade	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	forbid	past	Athens	all commerce					vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer commerce=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Athens esteemed debate, commerce and its navy; Sparta esteemed discipline and its army

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Athens	athens	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 debate	compound
2	esteemed	esteem	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 debate	amod
3	debate	debate	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 commerce	punct
5	commerce	commerce	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 debate	conj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 navy	cc
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 navy	nmod:poss
8	navy	navy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 debate	conj
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	11 esteemed	punct
10	Sparta	Sparta	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 esteemed	nsubj
11	esteemed	esteem	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 debate	conj
12	discipline	discipline	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 esteemed	obj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 army	cc
14	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 army	nmod:poss
15	army	army	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 discipline	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	esteem	participle							vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer
2	esteem	past	Sparta	discipline and navy's army					vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer discipline=Stimulus

Option 4

Sparta was renowned for its philosophers and theatre

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sparta	Sparta	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 renowned	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 renowned	cop
3	renowned	renowned	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	for	for	ADP	_	6 philosophers	case
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 philosophers	nmod:poss
6	philosophers	philosopher	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 renowned	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 theatre	cc
8	theatre	theatre	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 philosophers	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	Sparta					for its philosophers and theatre; renowned property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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