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Test 6 · ★ · Native peoples of North America

A Lakota hunter after 1600 rides a horse. Where did the horse come from?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: Lakota hunter, horse · What happens: ride, come · To what, where: horse

This is test 6 · ★ of lesson 17 «Native peoples of North America» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A Lakota hunter after 1600 rides a horse.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 hunter	det
2	Lakota	Lakota	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 hunter	compound
3	hunter	hunter	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 rides	nsubj
4	after	after	ADP	_	5 1600	case
5	1600	1600	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 hunter	nmod
6	rides	ride	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 horse	det
8	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 rides	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 rides	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ride	present	a Lakota hunter after 1600	a horse					vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Where did the horse come from?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	5 come	advmod
2	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 come	aux
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 horse	det
4	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 come	nsubj
5	come	come	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	from	from	ADP	_	5 come	obl
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 come	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	past · do-support	the horse						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1

The Inuit bred them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Inuit	det
2	Inuit	Inuit	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 bred	nsubj
3	bred	breed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 bred	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breed	past	the Inuit	them = they					tree rules

Option 2

The Vikings brought them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Vikings	det
2	Vikings	Viking	PROPN	Number=Plur	3 brought	nsubj
3	brought	bring	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 brought	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bring	past	the Vikings	them = they					vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent they=Theme

Option 3

Horses had always lived wild on the Plains since the ice age

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 lived	nsubj
2	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 lived	aux
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 lived	advmod
4	lived	live	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 lived	xcomp
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 Plains	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Plains	det
8	Plains	Plain	PROPN	Number=Plur	4 lived	obl
9	since	since	ADP	_	12 age	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 age	det
11	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 age	compound
12	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lived	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	past · perfect	Horses			the Plains	since the ice age	always, wild property	vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on plain=Location

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The Spanish brought horses to the Americas

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Spanish	det
2	Spanish	Spanish	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 brought	nsubj
3	brought	bring	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 brought	obj
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 Americas	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Americas	det
7	Americas	AMERICAS	PROPN	Number=Plur	3 brought	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bring	past	the Spanish	horses	the Americas				vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent horse=Theme to americas=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/17-native-peoples-of-north-america/t6/