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Test 11 · ★★★ · The Aztecs and the Inca

Tenochtitlan was bigger than most European cities then. What does that tell a fair historian?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Tenochtitlan, that · What happens: be, tell · To what, where: fair historian · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 11 · ★★★ of lesson 19 «The Aztecs and the Inca» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Tenochtitlan was bigger than most European cities then.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tenochtitlan	Tenochtitlan	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 bigger	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 bigger	cop
3	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	than	than	ADP	_	7 cities	case
5	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	7 cities	amod
6	European	European	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 cities	amod
7	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 bigger	obl
8	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	3 bigger	advmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 bigger	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	Tenochtitlan				then	than most European cities; big property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does that tell a fair historian?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 tell	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 tell	aux
3	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 tell	nsubj
4	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 historian	det
6	fair	fair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 historian	amod
7	historian	historian	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 tell	obj
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 tell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	present · do-support	that	a fair historian					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent what=Recipient historian=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Europe had no cities at all at that time

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 had	nsubj
2	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 cities	det
4	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 had	obj
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 all	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 had	obl
7	at	at	ADP	_	9 time	case
8	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	9 time	det
9	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 had	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	Europe	no cities		all	time		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Patient

Option 2

It was built by Europeans who sailed there earlier

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 built	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 built	aux:pass
3	built	build	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 Europeans	case
5	Europeans	European	PROPN	Number=Plur	3 built	obl
6	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 sailed	nsubj
7	sailed	sail	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 Europeans	acl:relcl
8	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	7 sailed	advmod
9	earlier	early	ADV	Degree=Cmp	7 sailed	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	build	past · passive	Europeans	It					vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Product
2	sail	past	Europeans			there		early property	vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The Americas had great cities as rich as Europe's

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Americas	det
2	Americas	AMERICAS	PROPN	Number=Plur	3 had	nsubj
3	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 cities	amod
5	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 had	obj
6	as	as	ADV	_	7 rich	advmod
7	rich	rich	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 had	xcomp
8	as	as	ADP	_	9 Europe	case
9	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 rich	obl
10	's	's	PART	_	9 Europe	case

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	the Americas	great cities				rich property	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Patient

Option 4

The number must be wrong

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 number	det
2	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 wrong	nsubj
3	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 wrong	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 wrong	cop
5	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	must	the number					wrong property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/19-the-aztecs-and-the-inca/t11/