Test 1 · ★ · The first farms and towns
Chloe reckons one clever bloke invented farming and told everyone. True or nah?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: Chloe, one clever bloke · What happens: reckon, invent, tell · To what, where: one clever bloke, farming, everyone · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 2 «The first farms and towns» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Chloe reckons one clever bloke invented farming and told everyone.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chloe | Chloe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 reckons | nsubj |
| 2 | reckons | reckon | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 bloke | nummod |
| 4 | clever | clever | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 bloke | amod |
| 5 | bloke | bloke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 reckons | obj |
| 6 | invented | invent | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 bloke | acl |
| 7 | farming | farming | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 invented | obj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 told | cc |
| 9 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 reckons | conj |
| 10 | everyone | everyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 9 told | obj |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 reckons | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reckon | present | Chloe | one clever bloke | vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent bloke=Attribute | ||||
| 2 | invent | participle | one clever bloke not said here | farming | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent farming=Result | ||||
| 3 | tell speech: assert | past | Chloe not said here | everyone | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent everyone=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: True or nah?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | True | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 2 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 3 nah | cc |
| 3 | nah | nah | INTJ | _ | 1 True | discourse |
| 4 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 True | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
The options
Option 1
Yes, and he wrote a book about it
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 5 wrote | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 wrote | punct |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 wrote | cc |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 wrote | nsubj |
| 5 | wrote | write | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 book | det |
| 7 | book | book | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 wrote | obj |
| 8 | about | about | ADP | _ | 9 it | case |
| 9 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 book | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | write | past | he | a book | about book | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent book=Recipient about it=Topic |
Option 2
Yes, a king in Egypt invented it and told the world
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 7 invented | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 king | det |
| 4 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 invented | nsubj |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 Egypt | case |
| 6 | Egypt | Egypt | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 king | nmod |
| 7 | invented | invent | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 invented | obj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 told | cc |
| 10 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 invented | conj |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 world | det |
| 12 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 told | iobj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | invent | past | a king in Egypt | it | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Result | ||||
| 2 | tell speech: assert | past | a king in Egypt not said here | the world | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent world=Recipient |
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
No, farming grew slowly in several places
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 4 grew | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | farming | farming | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 grew | nsubj |
| 4 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 4 grew | advmod |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 places | case |
| 7 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 places | amod |
| 8 | places | place | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 grew | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | past | farming | several places | slowly property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in place=Location |
Option 4
No, farming was brought by aliens
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 5 brought | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | farming | farming | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 brought | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 brought | aux:pass |
| 5 | brought | bring | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 aliens | case |
| 7 | aliens | alien | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 brought | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bring | past · passive | aliens | farming | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/2-the-first-farms-and-towns/t1/