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Test 8 · The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings

Someone says runes were only for magic spells. What is closer to the truth?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Someone, runes · What happens: say, be · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 8 of lesson 20 «The Middle Ages begin: the Vikings» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Someone says runes were only for magic spells.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	runes	rune	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 spells	nsubj
4	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 spells	cop
5	only	only	ADV	_	8 spells	advmod
6	for	for	ADP	_	8 spells	case
7	magic	magic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 spells	amod
8	spells	spell	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 says	ccomp
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Someone						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is	past	runes					for magic spells	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is closer to the truth?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 closer	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 closer	cop
3	closer	close	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 truth	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 truth	det
6	truth	truth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 closer	obl
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 closer	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						to the truth; close property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Runes were mostly ordinary writing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Runes	rune	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 writing	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 writing	cop
3	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	5 writing	advmod
4	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 writing	amod
5	writing	writing	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	Runes	ordinary writing				mostly property	tree rules

Option 2

Runes were Roman numbers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Runes	rune	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 numbers	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 numbers	cop
3	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 numbers	amod
4	numbers	number	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	Runes	Roman numbers					tree rules

Option 3

Runes were Chinese letters

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Runes	rune	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 letters	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 letters	cop
3	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 letters	amod
4	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	Runes	Chinese letters					tree rules

Option 4

Runes were never used for anything

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Runes	rune	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 used	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 used	aux:pass
3	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	4 used	advmod
4	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 anything	case
6	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	4 used	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not use	past · passive		Runes				for anything	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for anything=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/20-the-middle-ages-begin-the-vikings/t8/