Test 9 · ★ · The Black Death and the end of the Middle Ages

Why might the fall of Constantinople have helped the Renaissance in Italy?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: fall · What happens: help · To what, where: Renaissance, Italy

This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 24 «The Black Death and the end of the Middle Ages» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	8 helped	advmod
2	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 helped	aux
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 fall	det
4	fall	fall	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 helped	nsubj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 Constantinople	case
6	Constantinople	Constantinople	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 fall	nmod
7	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 helped	aux
8	helped	help	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Renaissance	det
10	Renaissance	Renaissance	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 helped	obj
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 Italy	case
12	Italy	Italy	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 helped	obl
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 helped	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	might · perfect	the fall of Constantinople		the Renaissance	Italy			vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent renaissance=Beneficiary

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Italy was given the whole city as a present

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Italy	Italy	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 given	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 city	det
5	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 city	amod
6	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 given	obj
7	as	as	ADP	_	9 present	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 present	det
9	present	present	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 given	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	past · passive		Italy				as a present	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient city=Theme

Option 2

Books were banned in Italy

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Books	book	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 banned	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 banned	aux:pass
3	banned	ban	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 Italy	case
5	Italy	Italy	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 banned	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ban	past · passive		Books		Italy			vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Greek scholars brought their books to Italy

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Greek	Greek	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 scholars	amod
2	scholars	scholar	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 brought	nsubj
3	brought	bring	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 books	nmod:poss
5	books	book	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 brought	obj
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 Italy	case
7	Italy	Italy	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 brought	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bring	past	Greek scholars	scholars's books	Italy				vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent book=Theme to italy=Destination

Option 4

All the Ottomans moved to Italy

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 Ottomans	det:predet
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Ottomans	det
3	Ottomans	Ottoman	PROPN	Number=Plur	4 moved	nsubj
4	moved	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	6 Italy	case
6	Italy	Italy	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 moved	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	past	all Ottomans		Italy				vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to italy=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/24-the-black-death-and-the-end-of-the-middle-ages/t9/