Test 4 · ★★ · Explorers: Magellan around the world, and the people alrea…

Why would a ship of only 18 men struggle to sail home?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: ship · What happens: struggle, sail

This is test 4 · ★★ of lesson 27 «Explorers: Magellan around the world, and the people already there» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 ship	advmod
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 ship	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 ship	det
4	ship	ship	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 struggle	nsubj
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 men	case
6	only	only	ADV	_	7 18	advmod
7	18	18	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 men	nummod
8	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 ship	nmod
9	struggle	struggle	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	to	to	PART	_	11 sail	mark
11	sail	sail	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 struggle	xcomp
12	home	home	ADV	_	11 sail	advmod
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	9 struggle	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	struggle	present	a ship of 18 men						tree rules
2	sail	to-infinitive	a ship of 18 men not said here					home property	vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A big ship needs many hands to sail it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 ship	det
2	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 ship	amod
3	ship	ship	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 needs	nsubj
4	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 hands	amod
6	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 needs	obj
7	to	to	PART	_	8 sail	mark
8	sail	sail	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 needs	advcl
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 sail	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	need	present	a big ship	many hands					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot hand=Theme
2	sail	to-infinitive	a big ship not said here	ship					vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme it=Trajectory

Option 2

Ships sailed better empty

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ships	ship	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sailed	nsubj
2	sailed	sail	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 sailed	xcomp
4	empty	empty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 sailed	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sail	past	Ships					empty, good property	vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme

Option 3

18 men ate too much food

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	18	18	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 men	nummod
2	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 ate	nsubj
3	ate	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	too	too	ADV	_	5 much	advmod
5	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 food	amod
6	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ate	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	past	18 men	much food					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient

Option 4

Small crews were forbidden by the king of Spain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 crews	amod
2	crews	crew	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 forbidden	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 forbidden	aux:pass
4	forbidden	forbid	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 king	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 king	det
7	king	king	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 forbidden	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 Spain	case
9	Spain	Spain	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 king	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	forbid	past · passive	the king of Spain	Small crews					vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/27-explorers-magellan-around-the-world-and-the-people-already-there/t4/