Exam question 3 · The First World War

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the Christmas truce of nineteen hundred and fourteen?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: Christmas truce

This is exam question 3 of lesson 33 «The First World War» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 truce	det
10	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 truce	compound
11	truce	truce	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 hundred	case
13	nineteen	nineteen	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	14 hundred	compound
14	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 truce	nmod
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 fourteen	cc
16	fourteen	fourteen	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	14 hundred	conj
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the Christmas truce of nineteen hundred				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

No such event is recorded

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	3 event	det
2	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 event	amod
3	event	event	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 recorded	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 recorded	aux:pass
5	recorded	record	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	record	present · passive		no such event					vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Soldiers of opposing armies ceased fighting locally and exchanged gifts

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Soldiers	soldier	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 ceased	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 armies	case
3	opposing	oppose	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 armies	amod
4	armies	army	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Soldiers	nmod
5	ceased	cease	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	fighting	fight	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 ceased	obj
7	locally	locally	ADV	_	6 fighting	advmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 exchanged	cc
9	exchanged	exchange	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 ceased	conj
10	gifts	gift	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 exchanged	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	oppose	gerund				vn amalgamate-22.2-3 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient
2	cease	past	Soldiers of opposing armies			vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
3	fight	gerund			locally property	vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	exchange	past	Soldiers of opposing armies not said here	gifts		vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gift=Theme

Option 3

All armies withdrew from France

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 armies	det
2	armies	army	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 withdrew	nsubj
3	withdrew	withdraw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 France	case
5	France	France	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 withdrew	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	withdraw	past	all armies			France			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from france=Initial_Location

Option 4

The war was formally concluded

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 war	det
2	war	war	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 concluded	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 concluded	aux:pass
4	formally	formally	ADV	_	5 concluded	advmod
5	concluded	conclude	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	conclude	past · passive		the war				formally property	vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/33-the-first-world-war/e3/