Exam question 1 · The United States: a short story

Identify the grievance summarised by the phrase no taxation without representation.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, summarise · To what, where: grievance

This is exam question 1 of lesson 38 «The United States: a short story» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 grievance	det
3	grievance	grievance	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	summarised	summarise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 grievance	acl
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 phrase	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 phrase	det
7	phrase	phrase	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 summarised	obl
8	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	9 taxation	det
9	taxation	taxation	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 phrase	appos
10	without	without	ADP	_	11 representation	case
11	representation	representation	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 taxation	nmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the grievance					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent grievance=Theme
2	summarise	participle		the grievance not said here				by the phrase	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Taxation of the colonists by France

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Taxation	taxation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 colonists	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 colonists	det
4	colonists	colonist	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Taxation	nmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 France	case
6	France	France	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 colonists	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tax			the colonists by France					nom taxation «possession transitive»: of=patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Taxation imposed by a Parliament in which the colonists had no voice

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Taxation	taxation	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 had	nsubj
2	imposed	impose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 had	advcl
3	by	by	ADP	_	5 Parliament	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 Parliament	det
5	Parliament	Parliament	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 imposed	obl:agent
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 which	case
7	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 had	obl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 colonists	det
9	colonists	colonist	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 had	nsubj
10	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	12 voice	det
12	voice	voice	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 had	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	impose	participle	Taxation not said here						vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	have	past	Taxation	no voice					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voice=Patient

Option 3

The absence of any taxation whatsoever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 absence	det
2	absence	absence	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 taxation	case
4	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	5 taxation	det
5	taxation	taxation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 absence	nmod
6	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	5 taxation	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	absent			any taxation					nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

The representation of the colonists in London by the chiefs of the Wampanoag

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 representation	det
2	representation	representation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 colonists	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 colonists	det
5	colonists	colonist	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 representation	nmod
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 London	case
7	London	London	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 colonists	nmod
8	by	by	ADP	_	10 chiefs	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 chiefs	det
10	chiefs	chief	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 representation	nmod
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 Wampanoag	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 Wampanoag	det
13	Wampanoag	Wampanoag	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 chiefs	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	represent		the chiefs of the Wampanoag	the colonists in London					nom representation «cognition transitive»: of=patient by=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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