Exam question 4 · China: five thousand years and the oldest dynasties

State the principle enunciated by Confucius hereinafter termed the golden rule.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, principle · What happens: state, enunciate, term · To what, where: principle, golden rule · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 4 of lesson 51 «China: five thousand years and the oldest dynasties» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	State	state	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 principle	det
3	principle	principle	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 termed	nsubj
4	enunciated	enunciate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 principle	acl
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 hereinafter	case
6	Confucius	Confucius	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 hereinafter	compound
7	hereinafter	hereinafter	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 enunciated	obl
8	termed	term	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	1 State	ccomp
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 rule	det
10	golden	golden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 rule	amod
11	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 termed	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 State	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	state speech: other	imperative	you not said here			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	enunciate	participle		the principle not said here	by Confucius hereinafter	vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent
3	term	past	the principle	the golden rule		vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Instruction is to be confined to the nobility

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Instruction	instruction	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 confined	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 confined	aux:pass
3	to	to	PART	_	5 confined	mark
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 confined	aux:pass
5	confined	confine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 nobility	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 nobility	det
8	nobility	nobility	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 confined	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confine	present · passive		Instruction		the nobility			vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to nobility=Destination

Option 2

The ruler is exempt from every obligation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 ruler	det
2	ruler	ruler	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 exempt	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 exempt	cop
4	exempt	exempt	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 obligation	case
6	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	7 obligation	det
7	obligation	obligation	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 exempt	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the ruler			every obligation		exempt property	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

That which one does not desire for oneself ought not to be done to others

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 one	det
2	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	3 one	det
3	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 desire	nsubj
4	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 desire	aux
5	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 desire	advmod
6	desire	desire	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	for	for	ADP	_	13 done	case
8	oneself	oneself	PRON	PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	13 done	nsubj
9	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 done	aux
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 done	advmod
11	to	to	PART	_	13 done	mark
12	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	13 done	aux:pass
13	done	do	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 desire	ccomp
14	to	to	ADP	_	15 others	case
15	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 done	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not desire	present · do-support	that one						vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
2	not do not said to happen	ought · passive		oneself				to others	vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality

Option 4

Victory is to be pursued irrespective of cost

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Victory	victory	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 pursued	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 pursued	aux
3	to	to	PART	_	5 pursued	mark
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 pursued	aux:pass
5	pursued	pursue	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	irrespective	irrespective	ADV	_	5 pursued	advmod
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 cost	case
8	cost	cost	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 pursued	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pursue	present · passive		Victory				of cost; irrespective property	vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme of cost=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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