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Test 8 · ★ · China: the First Emperor, the Terracotta Army and the Grea…

A friend says Zhang Qian «discovered the West» and Marco Polo was later. What is fairer?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: friend, Zhang · What happens: say, discover, be · To what, where: West · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 52 «China: the First Emperor, the Terracotta Army and the Great Wall» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A friend says Zhang Qian «discovered the West» and Marco Polo was later.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 friend	det
2	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	Zhang	Zhang	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 discovered	nsubj
5	Qian	Qian	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 Zhang	flat
6	«	«	PUNCT	_	7 discovered	punct
7	discovered	discover	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 West	det
9	West	West	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 discovered	obj
10	»	»	PUNCT	_	7 discovered	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 Polo	cc
12	Marco	Marco	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 Polo	compound
13	Polo	Polo	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 discovered	obl
14	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 later	cop
15	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	13 Polo	advmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a friend						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	discover in a quote	past	Zhang	the West				Marco Polo obl	vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent west=Topic
3	is	past						late property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is fairer?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 fairer	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 fairer	cop
3	fairer	fair	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 fairer	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						fair property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Marco Polo was first to everything

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Marco	Marco	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 first	nsubj
2	Polo	Polo	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Marco	flat
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 first	cop
4	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	6 everything	case
6	everything	everything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	4 first	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	Marco					to everything; first property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Zhang Qian went west to Central Asia much earlier; Marco Polo went east

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Zhang	Zhang	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 went	nsubj
2	Qian	Qian	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Zhang	flat
3	went	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	west	west	ADV	_	3 went	advmod
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 Asia	case
6	Central	Central	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 Asia	flat
7	Asia	Asia	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 went	obl
8	much	much	ADV	_	9 earlier	advmod
9	earlier	early	ADV	Degree=Cmp	3 went	advmod
10	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 went	punct
11	Marco	Marco	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 went	nsubj
12	Polo	Polo	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 Marco	flat
13	went	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 went	conj
14	east	east	ADV	_	13 went	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go	past	Zhang			Central Asia		early, west property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to asia=Initial_Location
2	go	past	Marco					east property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

Neither ever travelled

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Neither	neither	ADV	_	3 travelled	advmod
2	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	3 travelled	advmod
3	travelled	travell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	travell	participle					ever	neither property	tree rules

Option 4

Zhang Qian reached London, Paris and Rome long before any European came to China

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Zhang	Zhang	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 reached	nsubj
2	Qian	Qian	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Zhang	flat
3	reached	reach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	London	London	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 reached	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 Paris	punct
6	Paris	Paris	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 London	conj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 Rome	cc
8	Rome	Rome	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 London	conj
9	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	3 reached	advmod
10	before	before	SCONJ	_	13 came	mark
11	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	12 European	det
12	European	European	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 came	nsubj
13	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 reached	advcl
14	to	to	ADP	_	15 China	case
15	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 came	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reach	past	Zhang	London and Paris and Rome				long property	vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent london=Theme
2	come	past	any European			China			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to china=Initial_Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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