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Test 10 · China: the four great inventions

Mei says China invented both the kite and the umbrella. Which claim is stronger?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Mei, China, claim · What happens: say, invent, be · To what, where: kite · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 10 of lesson 53 «China: the four great inventions» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Mei says China invented both the kite and the umbrella.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mei	Mei	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 invented	nsubj
4	invented	invent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
5	both	both	CCONJ	_	7 kite	cc:preconj
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 kite	det
7	kite	kite	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 invented	obj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 umbrella	cc
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 umbrella	det
10	umbrella	umbrella	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 kite	conj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Mei						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	invent	past	China	the kite and the umbrella					vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kite=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Which claim is stronger?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	DET	PronType=Int	2 claim	det
2	claim	claim	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 stronger	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 stronger	cop
4	stronger	strong	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 stronger	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	which claim					strong property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Both are certain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	3 certain	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 certain	cop
3	certain	certain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Both					certain property	tree rules

Option 2

Both are false

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	3 false	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 false	cop
3	false	false	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Both					false property	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The kite; umbrellas have several ancient homes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 kite	det
2	kite	kite	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 have	nsubj
3	;	;	PUNCT	_	5 have	punct
4	umbrellas	umbrella	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 have	nsubj
5	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 homes	amod
7	ancient	ancient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 homes	amod
8	homes	home	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 have	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	the kite	several ancient homes					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent home=Patient

Option 4

The umbrella; kites came from Rome

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 umbrella	det
2	umbrella	umbrella	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 came	nsubj
3	;	;	PUNCT	_	4 kites	punct
4	kites	kite	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 umbrella	conj
5	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 Rome	case
7	Rome	Rome	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 came	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	past	the umbrella and kites			Rome			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from rome=Initial_Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/t10/