Exam question 2 · China: the Ming and Zheng He's voyages

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the assertion that a Chinese fleet reached America in 1421.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts, Chinese fleet · What happens: select, establish, concern, reach · To what, where: response, assertion, America, 1421

This is exam question 2 of lesson 56 «China: the Ming and Zheng He's voyages» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 assertion	det
11	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	that	that	SCONJ	_	16 reached	mark
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 fleet	det
14	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 fleet	amod
15	fleet	fleet	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 reached	nsubj
16	reached	reach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 assertion	acl
17	America	America	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 reached	obj
18	in	in	ADP	_	19 1421	case
19	1421	1421	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	16 reached	obl
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle					vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the assertion			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus assertion=Experiencer
4	reach	past	a Chinese fleet	America	1421		vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent america=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is confirmed by Ming charts preserved in Beijing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 confirmed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 confirmed	aux:pass
3	confirmed	confirm	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 charts	case
5	Ming	Ming	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 charts	compound
6	charts	chart	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 confirmed	obl
7	preserved	preserve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 charts	acl
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 Beijing	case
9	Beijing	Beijing	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 preserved	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confirm	present · passive	Ming charts	It					vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot subject=Topic
2	preserve	participle		Ming charts not said here		Beijing			vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It is rejected by historians for want of any evidence

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 rejected	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 rejected	aux:pass
3	rejected	reject	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 historians	case
5	historians	historian	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 rejected	obl:agent
6	for	for	ADP	_	7 want	case
7	want	want	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 rejected	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 evidence	case
9	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	10 evidence	det
10	evidence	evidence	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 want	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reject	present · passive	historians	It				for want of any evidence	vn reject-77.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	want			any evidence					nom want «state transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

It is established by the giraffe of 1414

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 established	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 established	aux:pass
3	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 giraffe	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 giraffe	det
6	giraffe	giraffe	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 established	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 1414	case
8	1414	1414	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 giraffe	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	establish	present · passive	the giraffe of 1414	It					vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Option 4

It is attested by Columbus himself

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 attested	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 attested	aux:pass
3	attested	attest	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 Columbus	case
5	Columbus	Columbus	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 attested	obl
6	himself	himself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	3 attested	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	attest	present · passive	Columbus	It				Columbus obl	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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