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Test 6 · China: the Ming and Zheng He's voyages

The teacher says China stopped exploring because it «closed itself». Too simple?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: teacher, China · What happens: say, stop, explore, close · To what, where: teacher · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 6 of lesson 56 «China: the Ming and Zheng He's voyages» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: The teacher says China stopped exploring because it «closed itself».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 teacher	det
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 stopped	nsubj
5	stopped	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
6	exploring	explore	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 stopped	xcomp
7	because	because	SCONJ	_	10 closed	mark
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 closed	nsubj
9	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 closed	punct
10	closed	close	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 exploring	ccomp
11	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	10 closed	obj
12	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 closed	punct
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	the teacher						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	stop	past	China						vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
3	explore	gerund	China not said here						tree rules
4	close in a quote	past	teacher	teacher					vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent itself=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Too simple?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Too	too	ADV	_	2 simple	advmod
2	simple	simple	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
3	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 simple	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The ships sank

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 ships	det
2	ships	ship	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sank	nsubj
3	sank	sink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sink	past	the ships						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Yes; cost, opposition at court and the northern defence mattered

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	12 mattered	discourse
2	;	;	PUNCT	_	3 cost	punct
3	cost	cost	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 mattered	nsubj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 opposition	punct
5	opposition	opposition	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cost	appos
6	at	at	ADP	_	7 court	case
7	court	court	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 opposition	nmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 defence	cc
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 defence	det
10	northern	northern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 defence	amod
11	defence	defence	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 opposition	conj
12	mattered	matter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	matter	past	cost						vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus

Option 3

China never explored

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 explored	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 explored	advmod
3	explored	explore	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not explore	past	China						vn investigate-35.4 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent

Option 4

No, that is the whole story, and nothing else at all needs to be said

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	7 story	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 story	punct
3	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	7 story	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 story	cop
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 story	det
6	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 story	amod
7	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 needs	nsubj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 nothing	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 nothing	cc
10	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	7 story	appos
11	else	else	ADV	_	10 nothing	advmod
12	at	at	ADP	_	13 all	case
13	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	10 nothing	nmod
14	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
15	to	to	PART	_	17 said	mark
16	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	17 said	aux:pass
17	said	say	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 needs	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	that	the whole story					tree rules
2	need	present	the whole story						vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
3	say speech: assert not said to happen	to-infinitive · passive	the whole story not said here						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/56-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages/t6/