Test 4 · ★ · Writing, laws and money: how strangers learned to trust ea…

Jayden's teacher says money came from barter; his aunt says lowkey contested. What does she mean?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: teacher, money, aunt · What happens: say, come, contest, mean · To what, where: barter · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 63 «Writing, laws and money: how strangers learned to trust each other» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Jayden's teacher says money came from barter; his aunt says lowkey contested.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Jayden	Jayden	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 teacher	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Jayden	case
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	nsubj
4	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 came	nsubj
6	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 says	ccomp
7	from	from	ADP	_	8 barter	case
8	barter	barter	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 came	obl
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	12 says	punct
10	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 aunt	nmod:poss
11	aunt	aunt	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 says	nsubj
12	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 says	conj
13	lowkey	lowkey	ADV	_	14 contested	advmod
14	contested	contest	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 says	ccomp
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Jayden's teacher			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	come	past	money	barter		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from barter=Initial_Location
3	say speech: assert	present	money's aunt			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	contest	participle			lowkey property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does she mean?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 mean	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 mean	aux
3	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 mean	nsubj
4	mean	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 mean	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present · do-support	aunt						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic

The options

Option 1

Money came from aliens who visited Mesopotamia long ago

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 came	nsubj
2	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 aliens	case
4	aliens	alien	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 came	obl
5	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 visited	nsubj
6	visited	visit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 aliens	acl:relcl
7	Mesopotamia	Mesopotamia	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 visited	obj
8	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	9 ago	advmod
9	ago	ago	ADV	_	6 visited	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	past	Money			aliens			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from alien=Initial_Location
2	visit	past	aliens	Mesopotamia				ago property	vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mesopotamia=Co-Agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Scholars really disagree; debts and gifts may be older than swapping

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Scholars	scholar	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 disagree	nsubj
2	really	really	ADV	_	3 disagree	advmod
3	disagree	disagree	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 older	parataxis
4	;	;	PUNCT	_	3 disagree	punct
5	debts	debt	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 older	nsubj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 gifts	cc
7	gifts	gift	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 debts	conj
8	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 older	aux
9	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	10 older	cop
10	older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
11	than	than	SCONJ	_	12 swapping	mark
12	swapping	swap	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 older	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	disagree	present	Scholars		vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	may	debts and gifts	old property	tree rules
3	swap	gerund	debts and gifts not said here		vn substitute-13.6.2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme

Option 3

She agrees completely: everyone knows barter came first, then coins, then banks

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 agrees	nsubj
2	agrees	agree	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	completely	completely	ADV	_	2 agrees	advmod
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 knows	punct
5	everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	6 knows	nsubj
6	knows	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 agrees	conj
7	barter	barter	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 came	nsubj
8	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 knows	ccomp
9	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	8 came	advmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 coins	punct
11	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	12 coins	advmod
12	coins	coin	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 knows	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 banks	punct
14	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	15 banks	advmod
15	banks	bank	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 agrees	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	agree speech: agree	present	She	banks	completely property	vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	know	present	everyone	coins		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
3	come	past	barter		first property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Barter was only invented last year, on the internet

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Barter	Barter	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 invented	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 invented	aux:pass
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 invented	advmod
4	invented	invent	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 year	amod
6	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 invented	obl:unmarked
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 internet	punct
8	on	on	ADP	_	10 internet	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 internet	det
10	internet	internet	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 invented	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	invent	past · passive		Barter		the internet	year		vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/63-writing-laws-and-money-how-strangers-learned-to-trust-each-other/t4/