Test 7 · ★★ · Light, machines and medicine: how the last 250 years chang…
Leo hears that in 1800 four in ten kids died young. Why do so few die today?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Leo, four kids, few · What happens: hear, die · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 7 · ★★ of lesson 65 «Light, machines and medicine: how the last 250 years changed a normal day» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Leo hears that in 1800 four in ten kids died young.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Leo | Leo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 hears | nsubj |
| 2 | hears | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 10 died | mark |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 1800 | case |
| 5 | 1800 | 1800 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 6 four | compound |
| 6 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 9 kids | nummod |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 ten | case |
| 8 | ten | ten | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 6 four | nmod |
| 9 | kids | kid | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 died | nsubj |
| 10 | died | die | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 hears | ccomp |
| 11 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 died | xcomp |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 hears | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | present | Leo | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | die | past | four kids | young property | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Why do so few die today?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 few | advmod |
| 2 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 few | aux |
| 3 | so | so | ADV | _ | 4 few | advmod |
| 4 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 die | nsubj |
| 5 | die | die | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 die | obl:unmarked |
| 7 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 5 die | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | die | present | few | today | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Children stopped going outside to play
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 stopped | nsubj |
| 2 | stopped | stop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | going | go | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 stopped | xcomp |
| 4 | outside | outside | ADV | _ | 3 going | advmod |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 play | mark |
| 6 | play | play | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 going | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stop | past | Children | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | go | gerund | Children not said here | outside property | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | play | to-infinitive | Children not said here | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
Clean water, vaccines, better food and medicine
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Clean | clean | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 water | amod |
| 2 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 vaccines | punct |
| 4 | vaccines | vaccine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 water | conj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 food | punct |
| 6 | better | good | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 7 food | amod |
| 7 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 water | conj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 medicine | cc |
| 9 | medicine | medicine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 water | conj |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 3
Doctors found one magic potion that cures everything
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Doctors | doctor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 found | nsubj |
| 2 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 potion | nummod |
| 4 | magic | magic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 potion | amod |
| 5 | potion | potion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 found | obj |
| 6 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 cures | nsubj |
| 7 | cures | cure | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 potion | acl:relcl |
| 8 | everything | everything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 7 cures | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | past | Doctors | one magic potion | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent potion=Topic | ||||
| 2 | cure | present | one magic potion | everything | vn free-10.6.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer everything=Source |
Option 4
People just got luckier than they used to be
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | People | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 got | nsubj |
| 2 | just | just | ADV | _ | 3 got | advmod |
| 3 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | luckier | lucky | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 3 got | xcomp |
| 5 | than | than | SCONJ | _ | 7 used | mark |
| 6 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 used | nsubj |
| 7 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 got | advcl |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 be | mark |
| 9 | be | be | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 used | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | get | past | People | lucky property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | use | past | People | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | be | to-infinitive | People not said here | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/65-light-machines-and-medicine-how-the-last-250-years-changed-a-normal-day/t7/