Exam question 3 · Who decides: kings, councils, republics and democracies

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the secret ballot.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, secret ballot

This is exam question 3 of lesson 67 «Who decides: kings, councils, republics and democracies» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 ballot	det
11	secret	secret	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 ballot	amod
12	ballot	ballot	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the secret ballot		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus ballot=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

It was adopted in Victoria and South Australia in 1856 to protect voters from intimidation

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 adopted	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 adopted	aux:pass
3	adopted	adopt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 Victoria	case
5	Victoria	Victoria	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 adopted	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 Australia	cc
7	South	South	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 Australia	compound
8	Australia	Australia	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 Victoria	conj
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 1856	case
10	1856	1856	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 adopted	obl
11	to	to	PART	_	12 protect	mark
12	protect	protect	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 adopted	advcl
13	voters	voter	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 protect	obj
14	from	from	ADP	_	15 intimidation	case
15	intimidation	intimidation	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 protect	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	adopt	past · passive		It		Victoria and South Australia		in 1856	vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	protect	to-infinitive		voters				from intimidation	vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent voter=Beneficiary from intimidation=Theme

Option 2

It was devised in the text of Magna Carta in 1215 and adopted throughout Europe thereafter

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 devised	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 devised	aux:pass
3	devised	devise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 text	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 text	det
6	text	text	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 devised	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 Magna	case
8	Magna	Magna	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 text	nmod
9	Carta	Carta	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 Magna	flat
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 1215	case
11	1215	1215	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 devised	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 adopted	cc
13	adopted	adopt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 devised	conj
14	throughout	throughout	ADP	_	15 Europe	case
15	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 adopted	obl
16	thereafter	thereafter	ADV	_	13 adopted	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	devise	past · passive		It		the text of Magna		in 1215	vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	adopt	past					throughout Europe	thereafter property	vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3

It permits monarchs to inspect each vote cast by their subjects

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 permits	nsubj
2	permits	permit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	monarchs	monarch	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 permits	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 inspect	mark
5	inspect	inspect	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 permits	advcl
6	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	7 vote	det
7	vote	vote	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 inspect	obj
8	cast	cast	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 vote	acl
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 subjects	case
10	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 subjects	nmod:poss
11	subjects	subject	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 cast	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	permit	present	It	monarchs		vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent monarch=Theme
2	inspect	to-infinitive		each vote		vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vote=Theme
3	cast	participle		each vote not said here	by monarchs's subjects	vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent by subject=Destination

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

It was employed in ancient Egypt for the election of every pharaoh

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 employed	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 employed	aux:pass
3	employed	employ	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 Egypt	case
5	ancient	ancient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 Egypt	amod
6	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 employed	obl
7	for	for	ADP	_	9 election	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 election	det
9	election	election	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 employed	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 pharaoh	case
11	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	12 pharaoh	det
12	pharaoh	pharaoh	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 election	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	employ	past · passive		It		ancient Egypt		for the election of every pharaoh	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for election=Eventuality
2	elect			every pharaoh					nom election «act transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/67-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies/e3/