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Test 1 · Rules, courts, police, taxes and armies through time

Mia says hot-iron trials are so mid. What replaced them?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Mia, hot iron trials · What happens: say, be, replace · To what, where: trials · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 1 of lesson 68 «Rules, courts, police, taxes and armies through time» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Mia says hot-iron trials are so mid.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mia	Mia	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 trials	amod
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	3 hot	punct
5	iron	iron	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 trials	compound
6	trials	trial	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 mid	nsubj
7	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 mid	cop
8	so	so	ADV	_	9 mid	advmod
9	mid	mid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 says	ccomp
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Mia						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	hot iron trials					mid property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What replaced them?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	2 replaced	nsubj
2	replaced	replace	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 replaced	obj
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 replaced	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	replace	past		trials = trial					vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme they=Co-Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Witnesses and juries, which were fairer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Witnesses	witness	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 juries	cc
3	juries	jury	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Witnesses	conj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 fairer	punct
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 fairer	nsubj
6	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 fairer	cop
7	fairer	fair	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	1 Witnesses	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	Witnesses and juries					fair property	tree rules

Option 2

Fighting dragons to prove you were innocent

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fighting	fight	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 innocent	csubj
2	dragons	dragon	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Fighting	obj
3	to	to	PART	_	4 prove	mark
4	prove	prove	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Fighting	advcl
5	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 prove	obj
6	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 innocent	cop
7	innocent	innocent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fight	gerund		dragons					vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dragon=Co-Agent
2	prove	to-infinitive		you					vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme
3	is	past	Fighting					innocent property	tree rules

Option 3

Tossing a coin to decide who was guilty

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tossing	toss	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 coin	det
3	coin	coin	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Tossing	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 decide	mark
5	decide	decide	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Tossing	advcl
6	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 guilty	nsubj
7	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 guilty	cop
8	guilty	guilty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 decide	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	toss	gerund		a coin					vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coin=Patient
2	decide	to-infinitive							vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	is	past						guilty property	tree rules

Option 4

Nothing, they still happen in Britain today

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	5 happen	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nothing	punct
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 happen	nsubj
4	still	still	ADV	_	5 happen	advmod
5	happen	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 Britain	case
7	Britain	Britain	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 happen	obl
8	today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 happen	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	present	Nothing			Britain	still; today		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in britain=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time/t1/