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Test 7 · ★ · Ancient India: the Indus cities and the first kingdoms

The Vedas were not written down for centuries. How did they survive?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: Vedas · What happens: not write down, survive · To what, where: Vedas

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 7 «Ancient India: the Indus cities and the first kingdoms» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: The Vedas were not written down for centuries.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Vedas	det
2	Vedas	Veda	PROPN	Number=Plur	5 written	nsubj:pass
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 written	aux:pass
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 written	advmod
5	written	write	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	down	down	ADP	_	5 written	compound:prt
7	for	for	ADP	_	8 centuries	case
8	centuries	century	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 written	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 written	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not write down	past · passive		the Vedas			century		vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: How did they survive?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	4 survive	advmod
2	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 survive	aux
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 survive	nsubj
4	survive	survive	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 survive	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	survive	past · do-support	Vedas = veda						vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1

They did not survive at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 survive	nsubj
2	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 survive	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 survive	advmod
4	survive	survive	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 all	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 survive	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not survive	past · do-support	They			all			vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at all=Location

Option 2

They were kept in a cave as painted pictures on the walls

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 kept	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 kept	aux:pass
3	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 cave	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 cave	det
6	cave	cave	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 kept	obl
7	as	as	ADP	_	9 pictures	case
8	painted	paint	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 pictures	amod
9	pictures	picture	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 kept	obl
10	on	on	ADP	_	12 walls	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 walls	det
12	walls	wall	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 kept	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	past · passive		They		a cave		as painted pictures; on the walls	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in cave=Location
2	paint	participle							vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

People learned them by heart and recited them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	People	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 learned	nsubj
2	learned	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 learned	obj
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 heart	case
5	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 learned	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 recited	cc
7	recited	recite	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 learned	conj
8	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 recited	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	learn	past	People	them = they				by heart	vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Topic
2	recite	past	People not said here	People					vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme

Option 4

They were sung only by birds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 sung	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 sung	aux:pass
3	sung	sing	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	3 sung	advmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 birds	case
6	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sung	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sing speech: express	past · passive	birds	They					vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/7-ancient-india-the-indus-cities-and-the-first-kingdoms/t7/