Exam question 3 · Trade: why people swap, and the great trade routes

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the Indian Ocean trade.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, Indian Ocean trade

This is exam question 3 of lesson 70 «Trade: why people swap, and the great trade routes» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 trade	det
11	Indian	Indian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 trade	amod
12	Ocean	Ocean	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 trade	compound
13	trade	trade	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the Indian Ocean trade		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus trade=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Voyages were possible only by steamship, from the nineteenth century

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Voyages	voyage	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 possible	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 possible	cop
3	possible	possible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 steamship	advmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 steamship	case
6	steamship	steamship	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possible	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 century	punct
8	from	from	ADP	_	11 century	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 century	det
10	nineteenth	nineteenth	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 century	amod
11	century	century	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possible	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	Voyages					by steamship; possible property	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Voyages were timed in accordance with the seasonal monsoon winds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Voyages	voyage	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 timed	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 timed	aux:pass
3	timed	time	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 accordance	case
5	accordance	accordance	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 timed	obl
6	with	with	ADP	_	10 winds	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 winds	det
8	seasonal	seasonal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 winds	amod
9	monsoon	monsoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 winds	compound
10	winds	wind	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 timed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	time	past · passive		Voyages		accordance		with the seasonal monsoon winds	vn register-54.1-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 3

It commenced with European arrival in the twentieth century

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 commenced	nsubj
2	commenced	commence	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	with	with	ADP	_	5 arrival	case
4	European	European	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 arrival	amod
5	arrival	arrival	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 commenced	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	9 century	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 century	det
8	twentieth	twentieth	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 century	amod
9	century	century	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 commenced	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	commence	past	It				century	with European arrival	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with arrival=Subeventuality

Option 4

It was confined to a single port on the coast of Arabia

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 confined	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 confined	aux:pass
3	confined	confine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	7 port	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 port	det
6	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 port	amod
7	port	port	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 confined	obl
8	on	on	ADP	_	10 coast	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 coast	det
10	coast	coast	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 port	nmod
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 Arabia	case
12	Arabia	Arabia	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 coast	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confine	past · passive		It		a single port on the coast of Arabia			vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to port=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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